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Factors affecting payments for environmental services (PES) implementation in the Garang watershed management

机译：影响嘉兰流域管理中环境服务（PES）实施支付的因素

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Watersheds has essential functions in human life and other living things that include hydrological and ecological functions. However, the number of critical watershed conditions are increasing and resulting in the degradation of the watershed function. The number of critical watersheds according to the 2009 forestry ministerial decree is 108 watersheds including Garang watershed. The landscape degradation of the upper areas will significantly affect hydrological conditions in downstream areas. Payment for environmental services (PES) is one of the alternatives of watershed management that combines interests in the upstream - downstream watersheds, especially in the form of water distribution. This study aims to identify important factors or criteria needed, especially related to the water environment services as a part of the integrated watershed management. The qualitative and quantitative method was used in this study with descriptive and CVM analysis used through the review literature, interview and survey. The analysis identifies important factors for PES in a sustainable watershed management which include its context, actors, financing systems, operations, and monitoring evaluation. The study also shows that some factors need improvement such as context (local regulation), actors (public understanding of the PES mechanism), operation (planning design), and low willingness to pay for PES implementation in Garang watershed. By properly defining the criteria of PES, watershed management can be managed in a way that the upper and downstream areas can be linked in an integrated way.
机译：流域在人类生活中具有重要作用和包括水文和生态功能的其他生物。然而，临界流域条件的数量正在增加并且导致流域功能的降解。根据2009年林业部长法令的危急流域的数量是108分水岭，包括Garang流域。上部区域的景观降解将显着影响下游区域的水文条件。环境服务（PES）的付款是流域管理的替代方案之一，将上游流域的利益相结合，尤其是水分布形式。本研究旨在确定所需的重要因素或标准，特别是与水环境服务有关作为集成流域管理的一部分。本研究中使用了定性和定量方法，通过审查文献，访谈和调查使用了描述性和CVM分析。该分析确定了可持续流域管理中PE的重要因素，包括其背景，行动者，融资系统，运营和监测评估。该研究还表明，一些因素需要改进，例如上下文（本地法规），演员（对PES机制的公众理解），运营（规划设计），以及在Garang流域的PES实施支付的低意愿。通过适当地定义PE的标准，可以以综合方式链接上下游区域的方式管理流域管理。

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