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Molt patterns and age and sex determination criteria for selected landbirds in an urban area of the Peruvian Central Coast

机译：秘鲁中央海岸城市地区所选地区的蜕皮模式和年龄和性别测定标准

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Despite molting is an important and expensive activity in the life cycle of birds, this process is poorly known for neotropical species and even less so for species inhabiting urban zones. We studied molt patterns, aging and sexing criteria, and morphometrics for seven common resident species in an urban area of Lima city, Peru. All species evidenced complete prebasic molts. Partial to eccentric incomplete preformative molts were evidenced for six species (Camptostoma obsoletum, Pyrocephalus rubinus, Catamenia analis, Poospiza hispaniolensis, Coereba flaveola, and Thraupis episcopus); whereas Columbina cruziana exhibited a complete molt. All thraupid species exhibited partial prealternate molts. Preformative and prebasic molts were recorded mostly during the dry season, and the few records of prealternate molts might suggest its occurrence soon after the wet season. Our species also exhibited low molt synchrony, with some of them (C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. flaveola) exhibiting extensive molt periods likely explained by its potential to reproduce throughout the year and/or the existence of suspended/ protracted molts.Morphometric analysis evidenced significant differences according to sex for C. cruziana, P. rubinus, and C. analis, with the wing chord being the most common characteristic for distinguishing between sexes. Our study covers an important gap in the knowledge of the natural history of urban birds and provides information to test hypotheses of molt pattern variation on species with widespread distribution throughout the Americas.
机译：尽管蜕皮是鸟类生命周期中的一个重要且昂贵的活动，但这种过程对于新营养物种而言，甚至居住城区的物种甚至更少。我们研究了秘鲁利马市城区的七种常见居民物种的蜕皮模式，老化和性别标准，以及七种常见居民种类的形态学学。所有物种都证明了完全预培养的蜕皮。六种物种（Camptostoma Obsoletum，Pyrocephalus Rubinus，Catamenia Analis，Poospiza Hispaniolensis，CoEREBA Flaveola和Thraupis Episcopus），证明了部分偏心的预制型蜕皮。而哥伦比亚Cruziana表现出完整的蜕皮。所有的痛苦物种都表现出部分预型蜕皮。在干燥季节期间，预形成和预比较蜕皮的熔化物质在旱季中少数人的记录可能会在潮湿的季节之后不久其发生。我们的物种也表现出低蜕变的同步，其中一些（C.Cruziana，P. Rubinus和C.Faraveola）表现出广泛的蜕皮时期，其可能在全年繁殖和/或悬浮/长长的蜕皮的存在潜力解释。格式分析证明了根据C.Cruziana，P. Rubinus和C.Analis的性别的显着差异，翼弦是区分性别的最常见的特征。我们的研究涵盖了对城市鸟类自然历史知识的重要缺口，并提供了在整个美洲广泛分布的物种对物种的假设测试的信息。

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