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Grazing regime alters plant community structure via patch‐scale diversity in semiarid grasslands

机译：放牧制度通过半干旱草原上的补丁级分集改变植物群落结构

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Selective grazing of livestock creates lightly and heavily grazed vegetation patches, which together contribute to the whole community in grazed grasslands. The intermediate disturbance hypothesis (IDH) predicts moderate grazing intensity can increase species diversity. However, grazing patchiness complicates predicted responses to grazing intensity from ecological theory and may influence how various management regimes affect biodiversity at the whole community scale. We examined effects of management regime and grazing intensity on plant species diversity, community composition, aboveground net primary production (ANPP), and soil compaction. Two management regimes (season‐long continuous grazing and grazing and mowing alternated annually) and seven levels of grazing intensity were applied over the past 10?yr. We assessed how α diversity within patches and β diversity across patches contributed to the diversity of the whole plot and how these relationships responded to both grazing intensity and management regime. We further divided β diversity into nestedness and replacement components across lightly and heavily grazed patches within plots. The mixed grazing–mowing regime differed from the continuous grazing regime in that the former had a higher number of palatable species, higher species evenness, and higher Shannon‐Wiener diversity, in both lightly and heavily grazed patches and the whole plots, and especially at moderate and high grazing intensities. The continuous grazing regime and the mixed grazing–mowing regime did not differ in total β diversity. However, the nestedness component of total β diversity was dominant in the continuous grazing regime. In contrast, species richness and ANPP did not differ significantly between the two management regimes, though soil hardness in heavily grazed patches was significantly higher under the continuous grazing regime than the mixed grazing–mowing regime. Loss of rare species under both management regimes, even at low to moderate grazing intensities, suggests that selective grazing and patch formation may not conform with the IDH. Our study indicates that the mixed grazing–mowing regime is more sustainable for long‐term grassland management than the continuous grazing regime by controlling the creation of heavily grazed patches. These findings, integrating α‐β‐γ diversity and patch‐scale approaches, provide a more thorough evaluation than the intermediate disturbance hypothesis of grazing management in terms of sustainability and biodiversity conservation in semiarid regions.
机译：家畜的选择性采食造成轻度和重放牧植被斑块，这在放牧的草原一起促成了整个社会。中度干扰假说（IDH）预测适度放牧强度可以增加物种多样性。然而，放牧斑驳复杂化预测，从生态学理论放牧强度的反应，并可能影响不同的管理制度如何在全社会规模影响生物多样性。我们检查管理制度和植物物种多样性放牧强度，群落组成，地上净初级生产力（ANPP）和土壤板结的效果。两个管理制度（赛季之久的持续放牧和吃草，每年割草交替）和七个级别放牧强度在过去的10？年被应用。我们评估了整个补丁的补丁中α多样性和β多样性如何促进整个情节的多样性以及这些关系如何回应这两个放牧强度和管理制度。我们进一步划分β多样性纳入嵌套结构和部件更换对面轻度和重地块内擦过补丁。在前者从连续放牧制度各不相同的混合放牧，割草制度有较高的数量可口的品种，较高的品种均匀度，和较高的香农 - 威纳多样性，既轻度和重擦过补丁和整个情节，特别是在中度和高放牧强度。连续放牧制度和混合放牧，割草政权总β多样性没有差异。然而，总β多样性的嵌套性成分是在连续放牧制度优势。相比之下，物种丰富度和ANPP没有显著两种管理制度之间的差异，但在重土壤硬度擦过的补丁是显著高于混合放牧，割草制度的持续放牧制度下。这两个管理制度下，稀有物种的损失，即使在低到中度放牧强度，建议选择性采食和斑点形成可能与IDH一致。我们的研究表明，混合放牧，割草制度是长期的草原管理比连续放牧制度，通过控制大量擦过补丁创造更加可持续。这些研究结果，整合α-β-γ多样性和斑块规模的方法，提供了比在半干旱地区的可持续发展和生物多样性保护方面放牧管理的中间干扰假说更彻底的评估。

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