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首页> 外文期刊>Epigenetics & Chromatin >Three putative DNA methyltransferases of Verticillium dahliae differentially contribute to DNA methylation that is dispensable for growth, development and virulence
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Three putative DNA methyltransferases of Verticillium dahliae differentially contribute to DNA methylation that is dispensable for growth, development and virulence

机译：三层甲基甲基的三个推定的DNA甲基转移酶差异有助于DNA甲基化，该DNA甲基化可用于生长，发育和毒力

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DNA methylation is an important epigenetic control mechanism that in many fungi is restricted to genomic regions containing transposable elements (TEs). Two DNA methyltransferases, Dim2 and Dnmt5, are known to perform methylation at cytosines in fungi. While most ascomycete fungi encode both Dim2 and Dnmt5, only few functional studies have been performed in species containing both. In this study, we report functional analysis of both Dim2 and Dnmt5 in the plant pathogenic fungus Verticillium dahliae. Our results show that Dim2, but not Dnmt5 or the putative sexual-cycle-related DNA methyltransferase Rid, is responsible for the majority of DNA methylation under the tested conditions. Single or double DNA methyltransferase mutants did not show altered development, virulence, or transcription of genes or TEs. In contrast, Hp1 and Dim5 mutants that are impacted in chromatin-associated processes upstream of DNA methylation are severely affected in development and virulence and display transcriptional reprogramming in specific hypervariable genomic regions (so-called adaptive genomic regions) that contain genes associated with host colonization. As these adaptive genomic regions are largely devoid of DNA methylation and of Hp1- and Dim5-associated heterochromatin, the differential transcription is likely caused by pleiotropic effects rather than by differential DNA methylation. Overall, our study suggests that Dim2 is the main DNA methyltransferase in V. dahliae and, in conjunction with work on other fungi, is likely the main active DNMT in ascomycetes, irrespective of Dnmt5 presence. We speculate that Dnmt5 and Rid act under specific, presently enigmatic, conditions or, alternatively, act in DNA-associated processes other than DNA methylation.
机译：DNA甲基化是一种重要的表观遗传对照机制，在许多真菌中仅限于含有可转换元素（TES）的基因组区域。已知两种DNA甲基转移酶，DIM2和DNMT5在真菌中的胞嘧啶处进行甲基化。虽然大多数Ascomycete真菌编码DIM2和DNMT5，但只有很少的功能研究已经在含有两者的物种中进行。在本研究中，我们在植物致病真菌患者植物植物致病菌性肺炎料中报告了DIM2和DNMT5的功能分析。我们的结果表明，DIM2，但不是DNMT5或推定的性循环相关的DNA甲基转移酶除去，负责在测试条件下的大多数DNA甲基化。单个或双DNA甲基转移酶突变体未显示出改变的基因或TES的发育，毒力或转录。相反，受到DNA甲基化上游的染色质相关方法的HP1和DIM5突变体在发育和毒力和含有与宿主定植相关的基因的特异性高变基因组区域（所谓的适应性基因组区域）中进行严重影响。 。由于这些自适应基因组区域主要缺乏DNA甲基化和HP1和DIM5相关的异圆锥蛋白，所以差异转录可能由磷酸效应而不是通过差异DNA甲基化引起。总体而言，我们的研究表明，DIM2是V. Dahliae中的主要DNA甲基转移酶，并且与其他真菌的工作结合，可能是asComycetes中的主要活性DNMT，无论DNMT5的存在如何。我们推测DNMT5和脱脂作用在特定，目前神奇的，条件下，或者，除DNA甲基化之外的DNA相关过程中。

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