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The Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Among Pakistani Adults in Lahore

机译：拉合尔巴基斯坦成年人Covid-19的心理影响

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Background: In the wake of the worldwide spread of the novel coronavirus and the resultant restrictive measures, mental health has become a crucial issue. Physical health is not the only aspect of humans that is at risk. Globally, the rates and severity of mental illness are being significantly impacted by this pandemic. Two scales have been validated to measure the impact of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) on the levels of anxiety and obsessional thinking in clinical and non-clinical populations. The present study was designed to investigate the levels of anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19 in the general public of Lahore, Pakistan. Materials and Methods: Data were collected via snowball sampling from May 9 to May 19. An online survey consisting of a demographic profile and two scales, Coronavirus Anxiety Scale (CAS) and Obsession with COVID-19 Scale (OCS), was sent through email, WhatsApp, and Facebook groups to adults (18 years and above) of Lahore, Pakistan. Results: A total of 240 individuals (20% men and 80% women) recorded their responses. The majority belonged to a nuclear family system (60%), and their education level ranged from high school to Ph.D. The cut-off score for probable dysfunctional coronavirus anxiety and obsession levels was not met within this sample (CAS, M = 3.24, SD = 4.21; OCS, M = 4.14, SD = 3.15), suggesting that the general population of Lahore, Pakistan is not suffering from dysfunctional anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Forty-seven participants' score on OCS and 35 participants' scores on CAS were above the cut-off, i.e., ≥7 and ≥9, respectively. The results of the correlation analysis showed a significant positive relationship ( ** p 0.619) between anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19. Conclusion: One important, yet surprising, conclusion of this study is that the average adult in Lahore does not show much anxiety or obsessions related to COVID-19. Other studies around the world using these measurement tools have indicated significantly high levels of both anxiety and obsessions related to COVID-19. These findings may demonstrate the resilience of Pakistanis or perhaps the lack of understanding of the seriousness of the situation.
机译：背景：在全世界的新冠状病毒和所产生的限制性措施的蔓延之后，心理健康已成为一个至关重要的问题。身体健康不是人类面临风险的唯一方面。在全球范围内，精神疾病的率和严重程度受到这种大流行的显着影响。已经验证了两种尺度，以衡量冠状病毒疾病2019（Covid-19）对临床和非临床人群的焦虑和痴迷水平的影响。本研究旨在调查巴基斯坦拉合尔大众与Covid-19有关的焦虑和痴迷水平。材料和方法：通过5月9日至5月19日通过雪球采样收集数据。通过电子邮件发送由人口统计概况和两种尺度，冠状病毒焦虑尺度（CAS）和痴迷于Covid-19规模（OCS）组成的在线调查。 ，巴基斯坦拉合尔的成人（18岁及以上），Whatsapp和Facebook群体。结果：共有240人（20％男性和80％女性）记录了他们的回应。大多数属于核心系列（60％），他们的教育水平从高中到博士。在该样品中未满足可能存在的功能失调冠状病毒焦虑和痴迷水平的截止分数（CAS，M = 3.24，SD = 4.21; OCS，M = 4.14，SD = 3.15），暗示拉合尔，巴基斯坦的一般人口没有患有与covid-19相关的功能失调焦虑或痴迷。 CAS上的OCS和35人参与者的分数分别为截止，即≥7和≥9的47名参与者。相关分析的结果显示出与Covid-19相关的焦虑和痴迷之间的显着阳性关系（** p＆ 0.619）。结论：这项研究的一个重要又一令人惊讶的是，拉合尔的普通成年人并没有表现出与Covid-19相关的焦虑或痴迷。使用这些测量工具周围的其他研究表明，与Covid-19相关的焦虑和痴迷显着高。这些调查结果可能表现出巴基斯坦人的恢复力，或者也许缺乏对情况的严重性的理解。

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