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首页> 外文期刊>Applied Microbiology >Municipal Wastewater Surveillance Revealed a High Community Disease Burden of a Rarely Reported and Possibly Subclinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Derby Strain
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Municipal Wastewater Surveillance Revealed a High Community Disease Burden of a Rarely Reported and Possibly Subclinical Salmonella enterica Serovar Derby Strain

机译：市政废水监测揭示了众所周知的高社区疾病负担，并且可能是亚临床沙门氏菌肠道塞洛伐克德比菌株

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Clinical surveillance of enteric pathogens like Salmonella is integral to track outbreaks and endemic disease trends. However, clinic-centered disease monitoring biases toward detection of severe cases and underestimates the incidence of self-limiting gastroenteritis and asymptomatic strains. Monitoring pathogen loads and diversity in municipal wastewater (MW) can provide insight into asymptomatic or subclinical infections which are not reflected in clinical cases. Subclinical infection patterns may explain the unusual observation from a year-long sampling campaign in Hawaii: Salmonella enterica serovar Derby was the most abundant pulsotype in MW but was detected infrequently in clinics over the sampling period. Using whole-genome sequencing data of Salmonella isolates from MW and public databases, we demonstrate that the Derby serovar has lower virulence potential than other clinical serovars, particularly based on its reduced profile of genes linked with immune evasion and symptom production, suggesting its potential as a subclinical salmonellosis agent. Furthermore, MW had high abundance of a rare Derby sequence type (ST), ST-72 (rather than the more common ST-40). ST-72 isolates had higher frequencies of fimbrial adherence genes than ST-40 isolates; these are key virulence factors involved in colonization and persistence of infections. However, ST-72 isolates lack the Derby-specific Salmonella pathogenicity island 23 (SPI-23), which invokes host immune responses. In combination, ST-72’s genetic features may lead to appreciable infection rates without obvious symptom production, allowing for subclinical persistence in the community. This study demonstrated wastewater’s capability to provide community infectious disease information—such as background infection rates of subclinical enteric illness—which is otherwise inaccessible through clinical approaches.IMPORTANCE Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) has been conventionally used to analyze community health via the detection of chemicals, such as legal and illicit drugs; however, municipal wastewater contains microbiological determinants of health and disease as well, including enteric pathogens. Here, we demonstrate that WBE can be used to examine subclinical community salmonellosis patterns. Derby was the most abundant Salmonella serovar detected in Hawaii wastewater over a year-long sampling study, with few corresponding clinical cases. Comparative genomics analyses indicate that the normally rare strain of S . Derby found in wastewater has a unique combination of genes which allow it to persist as a subclinical infection without producing symptoms of severe gastroenteritis. This study shows that WBE can be used to explore trends in community infectious disease patterns which may not be reflected in clinical monitoring, shedding light on overall enteric disease burden and rates of asymptomatic cases.
机译：肠道病原体如沙门氏菌的临床监测是轨道爆发和地方病趋势的一体化。然而，临床中心疾病监测偏见对检测到严重病例，低估了自限胃肠炎和无症状菌株的发病率。在市政废水中监测病原体负荷和多样性，可以提供对临床病例中没有反映的无症状或亚临床感染的洞察力。亚临床感染模式可以解释夏威夷的一年长的采样运动中的不寻常观察：沙门氏菌肠道塞洛伐克德比是MW中最丰富的脉冲型，但在采样期间不经常检测到诊所。使用来自MW和公共数据库的沙门氏菌分离株的全基因组测序数据，我们证明了德比塞洛瓦尔的毒力潜力低于其他临床塞洛维尔，特别是基于其与免疫逃避和症状生产相关的基因的减少曲线，表明其潜力亚临床沙门氏菌剂。此外，MW具有高丰富的稀有德比序列类型（ST），ST-72（而不是更常见的ST-40）。 ST-72分离物具有比ST-40分离物更高的粘附基因频率;这些是涉及殖民化和感染持续性的关键毒力因子。然而，ST-72分离物缺乏特异性特异性沙门氏菌致病性岛23（SPI-23），其调用宿主免疫应答。组合，ST-72的遗传特征可能导致明显的感染率，没有明显的症状生产，允许社区亚临床持久性。本研究证明了废水能力提供群落传染病信息 - 例如通过临床方法否则无法进入的亚临床肠道疾病的背景感染率。分析废水的流行病学（WBE）一直用于通过检测来分析社区健康化学品，如法律和非法药物;然而，市政废水含有健康和疾病的微生物决定因素，包括肠溶病原体。在这里，我们证明了WBE可以用于检查亚临床群落的沙门氏菌模式。德比是夏威夷废水中检测到的最丰富的沙门氏菌，在一年长的抽样研究中，很少有相应的临床病例。比较基因组学分析表明，常稀有的S株。在废水中发现的德比具有独特的基因组合，使其能够持续作为亚临床感染，而不会产生严重的胃肠炎的症状。本研究表明，WBE可用于探讨群体传染病模式的趋势，这些疾病模式可能不会被反映在临床监测中，脱落光线对整体肠溶性疾病负担和无症状病例的速率。

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