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Global adaptation complicates the interpretation of genome scans for local adaptation

机译：全球适应使基因组扫描对本地适应的解释复杂化

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Spatially varying selection promotes variance in allele frequencies, increasing genetic differentiation between the demes of a metapopulation. For that reason, outliers in the genome-wide distribution of summary statistics measuring genetic differentiation, such as F ST , are often interpreted as evidence for alleles that contribute to local adaptation. However, theoretical studies have shown that in spatially structured populations the spread of beneficial mutations with spatially uniform fitness effects can also induce transient genetic differentiation. In recent years, numerous empirical studies have suggested that such species-wide, or global, adaptation makes a substantial contribution to molecular evolution. In this perspective, we discuss how commonly such global adaptation may influence the genome-wide distribution of F ST and generate genetic differentiation patterns, which could be mistaken for local adaptation. To illustrate this, we use forward-in-time population genetic simulations assuming parameters for the rate and strength of beneficial mutations consistent with estimates from natural populations. We demonstrate that the spread of globally beneficial mutations in parapatric populations may frequently generate F ST outliers, which could be misinterpreted as evidence for local adaptation. The spread of beneficial mutations causes selective sweeps at flanking sites, so in some cases, the effects of global versus local adaptation may be distinguished by examining patterns of nucleotide diversity within and between populations in addition to F ST . However, when local adaptation has been only recently established, it may be much more difficult to distinguish from global adaptation, due to less accumulation of linkage disequilibrium at flanking sites. Through our discussion, we conclude that a large fraction of F ST outliers that are presumed to arise from local adaptation may instead be due to global adaptation.? 2020 The Authors. Evolution Letters published by Wiley Periodicals, LLC on behalf of Society for the Study of Evolution (SSE) and European Society for Evolutionary Biology (ESEB).
机译：空间变化的选择促进等位基因频率的差异，增加了比例的遗传分化。因此，在测量遗传分化的基因组统计数据分布中的异常值通常被解释为有助于局部适应的等位基因的证据。然而，理论研究表明，在空间结构化群体中，具有空间均匀的健身效应的有益突变的扩散也可以诱导瞬时遗传分化。近年来，众多实证研究表明，这种物种范围或全球性适应对分子演化进行了重大贡献。在这种观点中，我们讨论了这种全局适应如何影响F ST的基因组分布并产生遗传分化模式，这可能被误认为是局部适应。为了说明这一点，我们使用前瞻性群体遗传模拟，假设有益突变的速率和强度与自然群体的估计一致的参数。我们表明，帕拉奇群体中全球有益突变的传播可能经常产生F ST异常值，这可能被误解为局部适应的证据。有益突变的蔓延导致侧翼部位的选择性扫描，因此在某些情况下，可以通过在除F ST之外检查群体内和群体之间的核苷酸多样性模式和局部适应的效果来区分。然而，当局部适应最近仅建立时，由于侧翼位点在侧翼位点的累积较少，因此可能更难以区分全局适应。通过我们的讨论，我们得出结论，从本地适应所推测的大部分F ST异常值可能是由于全球适应所致的。 2020作者。 Wiley Hearyichs，LLC发布的演变信代表进化（SSE）和欧洲进化生物学学会（ESEB）的研究。

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