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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Public Health >The role of intellectual property rights on access to medicines in the WHO African region: 25?years after the TRIPS agreement
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The role of intellectual property rights on access to medicines in the WHO African region: 25?years after the TRIPS agreement

机译：知识产权对WHO非洲地区获得药物的作用：25？TRIPS协议后几年

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It is now 25?years since the adoption of the Agreement on Trade-Related Aspects of Intellectual Property Rights (TRIPS) and the same concerns raised during its negotiations such as high prices of medicines, market exclusivity and delayed market entry for generics remain relevant as highlighted recently by the Ebola and COVID-19 pandemics. The World Health Organization’s (WHO) mandate to work on the interface between intellectual property, innovation and access to medicine has been continually reinforced and extended to include providing support to countries on the implementation of TRIPS flexibilities in collaboration with stakeholders. This study analyses the role of intellectual property on access to medicines in the African Region. We analyze patent data from the African Regional Intellectual Property Organization (ARIPO) and Organisation Africaine de la Propriété Intellectuelle (OAPI) to provide a situational analysis of patenting activity and trends. We also review legislation to assess how TRIPS flexibilities are implemented in countries. Patenting was low for African countries. Only South Africa and Cameroon appeared in the list of top ten originator countries for ARIPO and OAPI respectively. Main diseases covered by African patents were HIV/AIDS, cardiovascular diseases, cancers and tumors. Majority countries have legislation allowing for compulsory licensing and parallel importation of medicines, while the least legislated flexibilities were explicit exemption of pharmaceutical products from patentable subject matter, new or second use of patented pharmaceutical products, imposition of limits to patent term extension and test data protection. Thirty-nine countries have applied TRIPS flexibilities, with the most common being compulsory licensing and least developed country transition provisions. Opportunities exist for WHO to work with ARIPO and OAPI to support countries in reviewing their legislation to be more responsive to public health needs.
机译：它现在是25年代以来通过了关于贸易相关方面的协议，知识产权（旅行）和在其谈判期间提出的同样关切，如高价格，市场独家绩效和仿制性的延迟市场进入仍然相关最近被埃博拉和Covid-19 Pandemics突出显示。世界卫生组织（世卫组织）授权在知识产权，创新和医学进入之间的界面上工作，并扩展到包括向各国提供与利益攸关方合作执行旅行灵活性的支持。本研究分析了知识产权对非洲地区药物的作用。我们分析来自非洲区域知识产权组织（ARIPO）和组织非洲人De LaPropriétéLightectuelle（OAPI）的专利数据，以提供对专利活动和趋势的情境分析。我们还审议立法，以评估TRIPS灵活性在各国实施的灵活性。非洲国家的专利较低。只有南非和喀麦隆，分别出现在阿惠和OAPI的十大发起国家名单中。非洲专利所涵盖的主要疾病是艾滋病毒/艾滋病，心血管疾病，癌症和肿瘤。多数国家有立法允许强制许可和药物进口平行进口，而最少的立法灵活性是明确的专利药品，新的或二次使用专利药品的药品，对专利期限延伸的限制和测试数据保护的限制。三十九个国家应用了TRIPS灵活性，最常见的是强制许可和最不发达国家的过渡条款。与ARIPO和OAPI合作的人员存在机会，以支持各国审查其立法，以对公共卫生需求更加敏感。

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