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A neglected conceptual problem regarding phenotypic plasticity's role in adaptive evolution: The importance of genetic covariance and social drive

机译：一种被忽视的概念性问题关于表型塑性在自适应演化中的作用：遗传协方差和社会传导的重要性

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There is tantalizing evidence that phenotypic plasticity can buffer novel, adaptive genetic variants long enough to permit their evolutionary spread, and this process is often invoked in explanations for rapid adaptive evolution. However, the strength and generality of evidence for it is controversial. We identify a conceptual problem affecting this debate: recombination, segregation, and independent assortment are expected to quickly sever associations between genes controlling novel adaptations and genes contributing to trait plasticity that facilitates the novel adaptations by reducing their indirect fitness costs. To make clearer predictions about this role of plasticity in facilitating genetic adaptation, we describe a testable genetic mechanism that resolves the problem: genetic covariance between new adaptive variants and trait plasticity that facilitates their persistence within populations. We identify genetic architectures that might lead to such a covariance, including genetic coupling via physical linkage and pleiotropy, and illustrate the consequences for adaptation rates using numerical simulations. Such genetic covariances may also arise from the social environment, and we suggest the indirect genetic effects that result could further accentuate the process of adaptation. We call the latter mechanism of adaptation social drive , and identify methods to test it. We suggest that genetic coupling of plasticity and adaptations could promote unusually rapid ‘runaway’ evolution of novel adaptations. The resultant dynamics could facilitate evolutionary rescue, adaptive radiations, the origin of novelties, and other commonly studied processes.
机译：诱人的证据表明表型可塑性可以缓冲新的，适应性遗传变体足够长，以允许它们的进化传播，并且经常在快速自适应进化中调用该过程。然而，它的力量和普遍性的证据是有争议的。我们确定了影响本辩论的概念问题：预计重组，隔离和独立的分类将在控制新的适应性和有助于性质的基因之间的基因之间快速切割联想，这是通过降低其间接健身成本来促进新的适应性的性质。为了更清楚地预测可塑性在促进遗传适应方面的作用，我们描述了一种可测试的遗传机制，可以解决问题：新的自适应变体和特质可塑性之间的遗传协方差，促进其持久性。我们识别可能导致这种协方差的遗传架构，包括通过物理联系和胸膜复制，并说明使用数值模拟的适应率的后果。这些遗传共聚员也可能出现来自社会环境，我们建议结果可以进一步突出适应过程的间接遗传效应。我们称之为适应社交驱动的后一种机制，并确定测试它的方法。我们认为可塑性和适应的遗传耦合可以促进新颖适应的异常快速的“失控”演变。由此产生的动态可以促进进化的救援，自适应辐射，Novelti的起源以及其他常见的过程。

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