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首页> 外文期刊>Developmental cognitive neuroscience. >Gradual development of non-adjacent dependency learning during early childhood
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Gradual development of non-adjacent dependency learning during early childhood

机译：幼儿期间非邻居依赖学习的逐步发展

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In order to become proficient native speakers, children have to learn the morpho-syntactic relations between distant elements in a sentence, so-called non-adjacent dependencies (NADs). Previous research suggests that NAD learning in children comprises different developmental stages, where until 2 years of age children are able to learn NADs associatively under passive listening conditions, while starting around the age of 3–4 years children fail to learn NADs during passive listening. To test whether the transition between these developmental stages occurs gradually, we tested children’s NAD learning in a foreign language using event-related potentials (ERPs). We found ERP evidence of NAD learning across the ages of 1, 2 and 3 years. The amplitude of the ERP effect indexing NAD learning, however, decreased with age. These findings might indicate a gradual transition in children’s ability to learn NADs associatively. Cognitively, this transition might be driven by children’s increasing knowledge of their native language, hindering NAD learning in novel contexts. Neuroanatomically, maturation of the prefrontal cortex might play a crucial role, promoting top-down learning, affecting bottom-up, associative learning. In sum, our study suggests that NAD learning under passive listening conditions undergoes a gradual transition between different developmental stages during early childhood.
机译：为了成为熟练的母语人士，孩子们必须学习句子中的遥远元素之间的句法关系，所谓的非相邻依赖关系（NADS）。以前的研究表明，儿童的NAD学习包括不同的发育阶段，直到2岁的儿童能够在被动聆听条件下联合学习NAD，而在3-4岁的时候，儿童在被动倾听期间未能学习NAD。为了测试这些发育阶段之间的过渡是否逐渐发生，我们使用与外语使用与事件相关的潜力（ERP）测试了儿童的NAD学习。我们在1,2和3年内发现了NAD学习的ERP证据。然而，ERP效应索引NAD学习的幅度随着年龄的增长而降低。这些调查结果可能表明儿童与关联的NADS学习NADS的能力逐步过渡。认知，这种过渡可能是由于儿童越来越多地了解他们的母语，妨碍了新颖的背景中的NAD学习。神经杀菌的原因是前额叶皮质的成熟可能起到至关重要的作用，促进自上而下的学习，影响自下而上，联想学习。总而言之，我们的研究表明，被动聆听条件下的NAD学习经历了在幼儿期间不同发育阶段之间的逐步转变。

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