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首页> 外文期刊>BMC Psychiatry >Promoting helpful attention and interpretation patterns to reduce anxiety and depression in young people: weaving scientific data with young peoples’ lived experiences
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Promoting helpful attention and interpretation patterns to reduce anxiety and depression in young people: weaving scientific data with young peoples’ lived experiences

机译：促进有用的关注和解释模式，以减少年轻人的焦虑和抑郁：与年轻人的生活经历编织科学数据

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Anxiety and depression are common, disabling and frequently start in youth, underscoring the need for effective, accessible early interventions. Empirical data and consultations with lived experience youth representatives suggest that maladaptive cognitive patterns contribute to and maintain anxiety and depression in daily life. Promoting adaptive cognitive patterns could therefore reflect “active ingredients” in the treatment and/or prevention of youth anxiety and depression. Here, we described and compared different therapeutic techniques that equipped young people with a more flexible capacity to use attention and/or promoted a tendency to positive/benign (over threatening/negative) interpretations of uncertain situations. We searched electronic databases (PubMed, PsycINFO, EMBASE, and PsycARTICLES) for studies containing words relating to: intervention; youth; anxiety and/or depression and attention and/or interpretation, and selected studies which sought to reduce self-reported anxiety/depression in youth by explicitly altering attention and/or interpretation patterns. Ten young people with lived experiences of anxiety and depression and from diverse backgrounds were consulted on the relevance of these strategies in managing emotions in their daily lives and also whether there were additional strategies that could be targeted to promote adaptive thinking styles. Two sets of techniques, each targeting different levels of responding with different strengths and weaknesses were identified. Cognitive bias modification training (CBM) tasks were largely able to alter attention and interpretation biases but the effects of training on clinical symptoms was more mixed. In contrast, guided instructions that teach young people to regulate their attention or to evaluate alternative explanations of personally-salient events, reduced symptoms but there was little experimental data establishing the intervention mechanism. Lived experience representatives suggested that strategies such as deliberately recalling positive past experiences or positive aspects of oneself to counteract negative thinking. CBM techniques target clear hypothesised mechanisms but require further co-design with young people to make them more engaging and augment their clinical effects. Guided instructions benefit from being embedded in clinical interventions, but lack empirical data to support their intervention mechanism, underscoring the need for more experimental work. Feedback from young people suggest that combining complimentary techniques within multi-pronged “toolboxes” to develop resilient thinking patterns in youth is empowering.
机译：焦虑和抑郁症是常见的，禁用和经常从青年开始，强调需要有效，可访问的早期干预措施。与生活经验的经验数据和磋商，青少年代表表明，适应不良认知模式有助于并保持日常生活中的焦虑和抑郁。因此，促进适应性认知模式可以反映治疗和/或预防青年焦虑和抑郁的“活性成分”。在这里，我们描述并比较了不同的治疗技术，这些技术配备了更灵活的能力来使用注意力和/或促进不确定情况的正/良性（过度威胁/负面）解释的趋势。我们搜索了电子数据库（PubMed，Psycinfo，Embase和Psycarticles），了解包含与：干预有关的单词的研究;青年;焦虑和/或抑郁和关注和/或解释，并选择通过明确改变关注和/或解释模式来减少青年自我报告的焦虑/抑郁的研究。有十名患有焦虑和抑郁症经验的年轻人以及各种各样的背景，就这些策略在管理日常生活中管理情绪的相关性以及是否有可能有针对性的策略来促进适应性思维方式。鉴定了两组技术，每个技术鉴定了不同强度和缺点的不同程度的响应。认知偏置修改培训（CBM）任务在很大程度上能够改变注意力和解释偏见，但培训对临床症状的影响更加混合。相比之下，教导年轻人的指导指示规范他们的注意力或评估个人显着事件的替代解释，减少症状，但几乎没有实验数据建立干预机制。生活经验代表建议故意回顾自己的积极经验或自己的积极方面，以抵消负面思维。 CBM技术针对明确的假设机制，但需要与年轻人进一步共同设计，使其更加吸引和增强其临床效果。引导指示从嵌入临床干预措施中受益，但缺乏支持他们的干预机制的经验数据，强调需要更具实验工作的必要性。年轻人的反馈表明，将多管内的“工具箱”中的免费技术结合起来，以发展青少年的弹性思维模式是赋权。

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