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The role of microglia in prion diseases and possible therapeutic targets: a literature review

机译：小胶鸡对朊病毒疾病的作用和可能的治疗目标：文献综述

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Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD) is a rare and fatal condition that leads to progressive neurodegeneration due to gliosis, vacuolation of central nervous system tissue, and loss of neurons. Microglia play a crucial role in maintaining Central Nervous System (CNS) homoeostasis, both in health and disease, through phagocytosis and cytokine production. In the context of CJD, the immunomodulatory function of microglia turns it into a cell of particular interest. Microglia would be activated by infectious prion proteins, initially acquiring a phagocytic and anti-inflammatory profile (M2), and producing cytokines such as IL-4, IL-10, and TGF-β. Therefore, microglia are seen as a key target for the development of new treatment approaches, with many emerging strategies to guide it towards a beneficial role upon neuroinflammation, by manipulating its metabolic pathways. In such a setting, many cellular targets in microglia that can be involved in phenotype modulation, such as membrane receptors, have been identified and pointed out as possible targets for further experiments and therapeutic approaches. In this article, we review the major findings about the role of microglia in CJD, including its relationship to some risk factors associated with the development of the disease. Furthermore, considering its central role in neural immunity, we explore microglial connection with other elements of the immune system and cell signalling, such as inflammasomes, the complement and purinergic systems, and the latest finding strategies to guide these cells from harmful to beneficial roles.
机译：Creutzfeldt-Jakob疾病（CJD）是一种难得和致命的病症，导致脊髓源性，中枢神经系统组织的辐射，真神经元的丧失导致进步神经变性。微胶质细胞在维持中枢神经系统（CNS）同性恋中，通过吞噬作用和细胞因子生产在维持中枢神经系统（CNS）同性恋中起着至关重要的作用。在CJD的背景下，MICROGLIA的免疫调节功能将其变成特定兴趣的细胞。 Microglia将通过感染朊病毒蛋白激活，最初获得吞噬细胞和抗炎曲线（M2），并产生细胞因子，例如IL-4，IL-10和TGF-β。因此，微胶鸡被视为新治疗方法的开发的关键目标，具有许多新兴策略，以通过操纵其代谢途径来指导其对神经炎症的有益作用。在这种设置中，已经鉴定了可以参与表型调节的微胶质细胞中的许多细胞靶，并指出了用于进一步实验和治疗方法的可能靶标。在本文中，我们审查了关于MICRIB在CJD中的作用的主要发现，包括其与与疾病发展相关的一些风险因素的关系。此外，考虑到其在神经免疫中的中心作用，我们探讨了免疫系统和细胞信号传导的其他元素，例如炎症，补体和嘌呤能系统，以及引导这些细胞对有害作用的最新发现策略。

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