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Self-Organized Nanostructures Generated on Metal Surfaces under Electron Irradiation

机译：电子照射下的金属表面上产生的自组织纳米结构

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Irradiation of high-energy electrons can produce surface vacancies on the exit surface of thin foils by the sputtering of atoms. Although the sputtering randomly occurs in the area irradiated with an intense electron beam of several hundred nanometers in diameter, characteristic topographic features can appear under irradiation. This paper reviews a novel phenomenon on a self-organization of nanogrooves and nanoholes generated on the exit surface of thin metal foils irradiated with high doses of 360–1250 keV electrons. The phenomenon was discovered firstly for gold irradiated at temperatures about 100 K, which shows the formation of grooves and holes with widths between 1 and 2 nm. Irradiation along [001] produces grooves extending along [100] and [010], irradiation along [011] gives grooves along [100], whereas no clear grooves have been observed for [111] irradiations. By contrast, nanoholes, which may reach depths exceeding 20 nm, develop mainly along the beam direction. The formation of the nanostructures depends on the irradiation temperatures, exhibiting an existence of a critical temperature at about 240 K, above which the width significantly increases, and the density decreases. Nanostructures formed for silver, copper, nickel, and iron were also investigated. The self-organized process was discussed in terms of irradiation-induced effects.
机译：通过原子的溅射，高能电子照射可以在薄箔的出口表面上产生表面空位。尽管在用直径为几百纳米的强烈电子束照射的区域中随机地发生溅射，但是特征的地形特征可以在照射下出现。本文综述了一种新颖的现象，在薄金属箔的出口表面上产生的纳米腔和纳米孔的新颖现象，以高剂量为360-1250keV电子照射。首先发现该现象，用于在约100k的温度下照射的金，这示出了凹槽和宽度在1至2nm之间的孔的形成。沿着沿着[100]和[010]延伸的凹槽产生凹槽，沿着[011]的照射沿[100]呈凹槽，而没有针对[111]照射的透明凹槽。相反，纳米孔可以达到超过20nm的深度，主要沿光束方向发展。纳米结构的形成取决于照射温度，表现出约240k的临界温度的存在，上述宽度显着增加，密度降低。还研究了用于银，铜，镍和铁的纳米结构。在辐照诱导的效果方面讨论了自组织过程。

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