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Pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) information on Instagram: A content analytic study

机译：预先曝光预防（预备）关于Instagram的信息：内容分析研究

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BACKGROUND:Background: There is still an HIV epidemic in the U.S., which is a substantial issue for priority populations bearing a disproportionate burden of HIV infection. Daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been shown to be safe and effective in reducing sexual HIV acquisition risk. However, studies document that PrEP awareness/usage is low. There is also a limited understanding of social media, such as Instagram, as a PrEP information source.OBJECTIVE:Given the paucity of research on PrEP-related Instagram posts and popularity of the social media platform, the purpose of this research is to describe the source characteristics, image type, and textual content of PrEP-related posts on Instagram.METHODS:Using Crowdtangle Search, a public insights tool owned/operated by Facebook, we retrieved publicly accessible and English-language-only Instagram posts for the 12-month period preceding April 22, 2020, using the terms: Truvada or "pre-exposure prophylaxis" or #truvada or #truvadaprep or #truvadawhore or #truvadaforprep. We employed a qualitative coding methodology to manually extract information from posts. Using a pre-tested codebook, we performed a content analysis on N=250 posts, examining message and source characteristics (i.e., organization type [e.g., government, news], individual type [e.g., doctor]), including specific information about PrEP (e.g., how it works, its cost) and indicated users. Frequencies and percentages were calculated for all categorical variables. A chi-square analysis was conducted to determine differences between source types on a variety of message characteristics.RESULTS:Three-quarters of posts (n=193, 77.2%) were posted by organizations. Of the 250 posts reviewed, about two-thirds (n=174, 69.6%) included a photograph, more than half (n=142, 56.8%) included an infographic, and one in 10 (n=30, 12%) included a video. More than half defined PrEP (n=137, 54.8%), but fewer posts promoted PrEP use, explained how PrEP works, and included information on effectiveness or who can use PrEP. The most commonly hashtagged population among posts was men who have sex with men, but not necessarily bisexual men. Few posts contained race/ethnicity-related hashtags (n=11, 4.4%). Fewer posts contained transgender-associated tags (e.g., #transgirl; n=5, 2.0%). No posts contained tags related to heterosexuals or injection drug users. We found statistical differences between source types (i.e., individual versus organization). Specifically, posts from organizations more frequently contained information about who can use PrEP, whereas posts from individuals more frequently contained information describing side effects.CONCLUSIONS:This study is among the first to review Instagram for content related to PrEP, and it answers the National AIDS Strategy's call to more clearly articulate the science surrounding HIV risk/prevention through a better understanding of the current public information environment. This study offers a snapshot of how PrEP is being discussed (and by whom) on one of the most popular social media platforms and provides a foundation for developing and implementing PrEP promotion interventions on Instagram.
机译：背景：背景：美国仍然存在艾滋病毒疫情，这是一个艾滋病毒感染负担不成比例的优先群体的实质性问题。每日口服前预防预防（PREP）已被证明可安全有效地降低性艾滋病毒的收购风险。但是，准备意识/使用的研究文件很低。对社交媒体的了解，例如Instagram等有限的理解，作为预备信息来源。鉴于对社交媒体平台的预备instagram帖子和普及研究的缺乏，本研究的目的是描述Instagram上的Prec-Wilds的源特征，图像类型和文本内容。在4月22日，2020年4月22日，使用条款：truvada或“曝光前预防”或#truvada或#truvadaprep或#truvadawhore或#truvadaforprep。我们使用定性编码方法来从帖子中手动提取信息。使用预先测试的码本，我们对n = 250个帖子进行了内容分析，检查消息和源特征（即组织类型[例如，政府，新闻]，个人类型[例如，Doctor]），包括关于准备的具体信息（例如，它是如何运作的，其成本）和指示用户。为所有分类变量计算频率和百分比。进行了CHI-Square分析以确定各种消息特征的源类型之间的差异。结果：组织发布了四分之三的帖子（n = 193,77.2％）。在审查的250个帖子中，大约三分之二（n = 174,69.6％）包括一张照片，超过一半（n = 142,56.8％）包括一个信息图，其中一个（n = 30,12％）包括在内一段录像。超过半定的准备（n = 137,54.8％），但较少的帖子促进了准备使用，解释了如何准备工作，并包括有关有效性或谁可以使用准备的信息。帖子中最常见的哈布格人口是与男性发生性关系的男性，但不一定是双性恋的人。少数帖子包含比赛/民族相关的Hashtags（n = 11,4.4％）。较少的帖子包含了转换相关的标签（例如，#Transgirl; n = 5,2.0％）。没有含有与异性恋或注射药物相关的标签。我们发现源类型之间的统计差异（即个别与组织）。具体而言，来自组织的帖子更频繁地包含有关谁可以使用准备的信息，而来自个人的帖子更常用地描述副作用的信息。结论：本研究是第一个审查与准备相关内容的Instagram，而且它回答国家艾滋病战略通过更好地了解目前的公共信息环境，更清楚地表达了艾滋病病毒风险/预防的科学。本研究提供了如何在最受欢迎的社交媒体平台上讨论准备（以及谁）的快照，并为在Instagram上开发和实施准备促销干预措施提供基础。

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