In the Line of Fire

COREY S. POWELL

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In the Line of Fire

机译：在火线中

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We live on a planet shaped by violent extraterrestrial visitors: close encounters of the asteroid and comet kind. That idea, once considered controversial, now lives thoroughly in the mainstream. Even school kids know that a 6-mile-wide asteroid strike at the end of the Cretaceous Period, 65 million years ago, helped usher the dinosaurs offstage. Evidence suggests similar impacts have contributed to other regional and global extinctions as well, possibly including the Permian-Triassic event 251 million years ago, the greatest recorded wipeout of them all. Yet in many ways, scientists have barely begun to comprehend the full, complex relationship between life on Earth and death from above. All of the well-documented mass extinctions have occurred within the past 550 million years. Most of the known impact craters are no older than that, either. That may sound like a long time, but life on this planet began at least 3.5 billion years ago, meaning that more than 80 percent of the story is missing. It is a vast, highly obscured and oft-overlooked stretch of history that a few dogged researchers are only now piecing together.

机译：我们生活在一个由暴力的外星访客塑造的星球上：小行星和彗星的近距离相遇。这个想法曾经被认为是有争议的，但现在已经完全成为主流。甚至连学童也都知道，在6500万年前的白垩纪末期发生了6英里宽的小行星撞击，将恐龙带到了台下。有证据表明，类似的影响也导致了其他区域和全球灭绝，其中可能包括2.51亿年前的二叠纪-三叠纪事件，这是所有物种灭绝的最大记录。然而，从许多方面来看，科学家们才刚刚开始理解地球上的生命与上方死亡之间的完整，复杂的关系。所有有据可查的大规模灭绝都发生在过去的5.5亿年之内。大多数已知的撞击坑都没有比这更老。这听起来可能很长一段时间，但是地球上的生命至少在35亿年前就开始了，这意味着故事的80％遗失了。这是一段广阔的，高度被遮盖且常常被忽视的历史，一些顽强的研究人员才将它们拼凑在一起。

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《Discover》 |2015年第8期|74-76|共3页
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COREY S. POWELL;
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2. Modelling the role of fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE – Part 2: Carbon emissions and the role of fires in the global carbon balance [J] . C.Yue, P.Ciais, P.Cadule, Geoscientific Model Development . 2015,第5期

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3. Modelling the role of fires in the terrestrial carbon balance by incorporating SPITFIRE into the global vegetation model ORCHIDEE – Part 2: Carbon emissions and the role of fires in the global carbon balance [J] . Yue C., Ciais P., Cadule P., Geoscientific Model Development Discussions . 2015,第5期

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4. Low NOx Combustion System Solutions for Wall Fired, T-Fired, and Turbo Fired Boilers [C] . C.A. Penterson, D. E. Dorman International Technical Conference on Coal Utilization amp; Fuel Systems vol.2; 20060521-26; Clearwater,FL(US) . 2006

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5. An economic and emissions analysis of electricity generation using biomass feedstock in co-fired and direct fired facilities. [D] . Allen, Benjamin W. 2011

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6. Detection and Characterization of Low Temperature Peat Fires during the 2015 Fire Catastrophe in Indonesia Using a New High-Sensitivity Fire Monitoring Satellite Sensor (FireBird) [O] . Elizabeth C. Atwood, Sandra Englhart, Eckehard Lorenz, 2011

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7. Innovative Clean Coal Technology (ICCT): 500-MW demonstration of advanced wall-fired cmbustion techniques for the reduction of nitrogen oxide (NO{sub x}) emissions from coal-fired boilers. Field chemical emissions monitoring, Overfire air and overfire air/low NO{sub x} burner operation: Final report [O] . 1993

机译：创新的洁净煤技术（ICCT）：500兆瓦的先进壁燃式燃烧技术示范，用于减少燃煤锅炉的氮氧化物（NO {sub x}）排放。现场化学排放监测，过热空气和过热空气/低NO {sub x}燃烧器操作：最终报告
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机译：创新的洁净煤技术（ICCT）：500兆瓦的先进壁燃燃烧技术示范，用于减少燃煤锅炉的氮氧化物（NO（sub x））排放。现场化学排放监测，过热空气和过热空气/低NO（sub x）燃烧器操作：最终报告

In the Line of Fire

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