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The effective stiffness of modern unreinforced masonry walls

机译：现代无筋砌体墙的有效刚度

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Code design of unreinforced masonry (URM) buildings is based on elastic analysis, which requires as input parameter the effective stiffness of URM walls. Eurocode estimates the effective stiffness as 50% of the gross sectional elastic stiffness, but comparisons with experimental results have shown that this may not yield accurate predictions. In this paper, 79 shear-compression tests of modern URM walls of different masonry typologies from the literature are investigated. It shows that both the initial and the effective stiffness increase with increasing axial load ratio and that the effective-to-initial stiffness ratios are approximately 75% rather than the stipulated 50%. An empirical relationship that estimates the E-modulus as a function of the axial load and the masonry compressive strength is proposed, yielding better estimates of the elastic modulus than the provision in Eurocode 6, which calculates the E-modulus as a multiple of the compressive strength. For computing the ratio of the effective to initial stiffness, a mechanics-based formulation is built on a recently developed analytical model for the force-displacement response of URM walls. The model attributes the loss in stiffness to diagonal cracking and brick crushing, both of which are taken into account using mechanical considerations. The obtained results of the effective-to-initial stiffness ratio agree well with the test data. A sensitivity analysis using the validated model shows that the ratio of effective-to-initial stiffness is for most axial load ratios and wall geometries around 75%. Therefore, a modification of the fixed ratio of effective-to-initial stiffness from 50% to 75% is suggested.
机译：非钢筋砌筑（URM）建筑物的代码设计基于弹性分析，该分析要求将URM墙的有效刚度作为输入参数。 Eurocode估计有效刚度为总截面弹性刚度的50％，但与实验结果的比较表明，这可能无法得出准确的预测。本文从文献研究了79种不同砌体类型的现代URM墙的剪切压缩试验。结果表明，初始刚度和有效刚度都随轴向载荷比的增加而增加，并且有效刚度刚度比约为75％，而不是规定的50％。提出了一种根据轴向载荷和砌体抗压强度估算E模量的经验关系，其弹性模量的估算值比Eurocode 6中的规定更好，后者可将E模量计算为抗压强度的倍数。强度。为了计算有效刚度与初始刚度的比率，在最近开发的URM壁力-位移响应分析模型的基础上建立了基于力学的公式。该模型将刚度的损失归因于对角线开裂和砖块破碎，这两种情况都是在考虑机械因素的基础上考虑的。有效刚度比的结果与试验数据吻合良好。使用经过验证的模型进行的敏感性分析表明，对于大多数轴向载荷比率和壁几何尺寸，有效刚度与初始刚度的比率约为75％。因此，建议将有效刚度固定比率从50％修改为75％。

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