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水利与建筑工程学报

水利与建筑工程学报

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Journal of Water Resources and Architectural Engineering
《水利与建筑工程学报》是由教育部主管，西北农林科技大学主办，国内外公开发行的学术性科技期刊（双月刊）。本刊创刊于1991年，原刊名《防渗技术》（内部发行），1995年公开发行（季刊），2003年更名为《水利与建筑工程学报》，2010年由季刊变更为双月刊。 二十年来，经过学报编委会全体专家教授辛勤工作，一如既往支持本刊工作的论文作者的无私奉献，国家出版总署、陕西省出版局相关司局领导的大力支持，相关领域的高校师生、工程技术人员的精心呵护以及学报编辑部共同努力，《水利与建筑工程学报》取得了令人欣喜的成绩，出版物影响因子逐年稳步提高，在同类出版物中以学术气氛浓厚、办刊作风严谨、社会服务周到著称。 《水利与建筑工程学报》先后荣获陕西省优秀科技期刊奖、《CAJ-CD规范》执行优秀期刊等荣誉。 《水利与建筑工程学报》及时适应互联网时代对学术性期刊办刊模式的要求，积极对外扩展交流，努力把自身打造成为国内一流的高水平学术交流平台，现已成为众多国内顶尖数据库的核心合作伙伴，为广大作者扩大自身学术影响、及时掌握国内外研究前沿、与相关领域专家无障碍沟通提供及时、周到、持续的热心服务。《水利与建筑工程学报》现为： 中国科技论文统计源期刊（中国科技核心期刊）； 中国核心期刊(遴选)数据库收录期刊； 万方数据-数字化期刊群全文上网期刊； CNKI中国期刊全文数据库(CJFD)全文收录期刊； 中国学术期刊综合评价数据库(CAJCED)统计刊源期刊； 中文科技期刊数据库(SWIC)收录期刊； RCCSE中国核心学术期刊。 《水利与建筑工程学报》是国内外公开发行的涉及农田水利、水土保持、水文水资源、河流及航道治理、水工土木建筑、岩土工程、材料与结构、地质矿产等领域的学术性刊物。 《水利与建筑工程学报》热忱欢迎相关领域的高等院校师生、研究院、设计院的科研人员、相关政府职能部门的公务人员以及在生产一线从事专业技术工作的工程技术人员向本刊赐稿，学报编委、审稿专家以及编辑部将以高效、热情的服务，及时将您的学术成果、工程实践经验向社会各界介绍、推广。《水利与建筑工程学报》基本信息：主管单位：中华人民共和国教育部主办单位：西北农林科技大学编辑单位：《水利与建筑工程学报 》编辑部主 编： 梁宗祥副主编：蔡明科地 址： 陕西杨凌渭惠路23号（西北农林科技大学水科所校区）邮政编码：712100 电 话： 029—87082937 学报网址：www.slyjzgcxb.com办公qq：1378118253电子邮件：sjxb@nwsuaf.edu.cn 国内刊号：CN 61—1404/TV 国际刊号：ISSN 1672—1144 定 价：120元/年
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  • 主管单位：中华人民共和国教育部
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水利与建筑工程学报-获奖情况
  • • 2016年度"中国高校编辑出版质量优秀科技期刊"
  • • 2016年度"陕西省高校优秀期刊"
  • • 2016年度"第四届陕西省优秀期刊奖"
  • • 《水利与建筑工程学报》荣获陕西省科技期刊编辑学会2018年第五届陕西省科技期刊"优秀期刊奖"
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水利与建筑工程学报 >2023年第5期

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  • 摘要：城市内涝与短历时暴雨有重要关系，为揭示城市暴雨内涝成因，选取海口站1951年—2012年逐时降雨资料，通过趋势线、小波分析、Mann － Kendall 趋势检验、集中度等方法对海口市年最大1h 降雨序列和暴雨频次进行统计分析。结果表明，海口市年最大1 h 、3 h 、6 h 降雨量均呈增加趋势，且时段越长增加越明显，最大1 h 降雨量存在17 a 时间尺度上的变化周期，1 h 降雨量≥20 mm 、30 mm 、40 mm 的暴雨次数呈不同程度增加趋势，但增加幅度不明显。短历时暴雨次数呈现双高峰，6月和9月为高发时期，一天中短历时暴雨多发生在下午时段。%Urban waterlogging is greatly related to the short duration rainstorms .In order to understand the causes of ur-ban rainstorm waterlogging ,based on the hourly precipitation data at Haikou station during the period of 1951 — 2012 , the characteristics of the rainstorms in Haikou city were analyzed from the aspects of trend line ,wavelet analysis ,Mann- Kendall trend method ,concentration degree ,etc .The results showed that the annual maximum precipitation of 1 h ,3 h ,6 h were increasing ,and the array of 6 h increased more obviously .There existed a periodicity of 17 a timescale of the annual maximum 1 h precipitation .The frequency of rain intensity ≥ 20 mm/h ,30 mm/h ,40 mm/h increased at different rate in a small range .The frequency of rainstorm occurring in June and September was much higher than the other months .and mostly happened in the afternoon of the day .
  • 摘要：目前工程类比法被广泛应用于公路隧道支护参数的设计当中，基于此设计的支护体系是否能够最大限度的发挥其应有的支护功能或作用，到目前为止还缺乏足够的实测数据支持。为了深入了解高速公路隧道一般质量围岩锚杆的实际功效，在邢汾高速邢台段贺坪峡隧道与黄岩子隧道内选择四个监测断面安设测力锚杆对其受力特性进行监测。监测结果显示部分测力锚杆内部测点承受压力，该结果与锚杆受拉才起到支护作用相背离；其余受拉测点最大值仅占规范设计最大受拉值的10％，表明锚杆在实际当中发挥的功效非常有限，几乎起不到应有的支护作用。基于此可认为，在今后实际工程实践当中对于类似工程与类似的一般质量围岩，可以考虑将系统锚杆进行必要的优化。%The engineering analogy method is widely used in the design of supporting parameters for expressway tunnels . However ,it is difficult to determine whether the supporting system designed according to this method can maximize its function due to the lack of adequate experimental data .In order to better understand the actual working performance of the bolts in the surrounding rockmass with general quality in highway tunnels ,they were installed in four selected sections and the actual stress characteristics of the sections were monitored in Hepingxia and Huangyanzi tunnels of Xingtai sec -tion ,Xingfen highway .It was found that the internal measurement points of some bolts were under pressure ,which devi-ated from the mechanism that only in tension would the bolts play a supporting role .For the rest of the measurement points in tension ,the values of the maximum tension were merely 10% of that in the specification .The results indicate that the rock bolts can not achieve its supporting role in the actual construction .Consequently ,optimizing the system rock bolts can be considered in similar projects or under similar circumstances of surrounding rockmass with general quality .
  • 摘要：随着城市化进程的加快，地下水超采、高层建筑的兴建、建筑容积率和建筑密度的增加以及特殊的地质环境所引起的城市地面沉降日趋严峻。因此，建立一种通用性更强、效率更高的沉降监控模型是十分必要的。 Kriging 插值以其独特的建模机制，在区域空间插值中已得到广泛应用，而在时域插值中却鲜有研究，借鉴 Kriging 空间插值模型，研究其在时间域插值的应用具有重要意义。为保证时域模型数据的时间相关性，减少扰动信息累积，需删除早期数据；而为了保证变异函数能真实反映数据的时间分布特征，模型又需要足够的样本数据。为此，探讨了一种基于灰色理论的等维动态 Kriging 时域插值模型，采用等维动态预测，保证数据时间相关性，减少信息扰动；采用对建模数据量要求较少的灰理论模型来拟合变异函数曲线，解决样本不足的问题，并结合工程实例，验证了该算法的实用性、可靠性和有效性。%With the acceleration of urbanization ,the urban land subsidence are becoming more serious each day due to the over exploitation of groundwater ,the construction of the high-rise buildings ,the increase of building volume ratio and density ,as well as the specific geological conditions .So it is necessary to establish a subsidence monitoring model which is more universal and efficient .Kriging has been widely used in regional spatial interpolation with its unique modeling mechanism ,but so far the time domain interpolation hasn’t been researched .Therefore it is of great significance to study the application of the time domain interpolation combining Kriging spatial interpolation .On one hand ,in order to ensure the time correlation of data in time-domain model and reduce the disturbance information accumulation ,the early data should be deleted ;on the other hand ,in order to make sure that the variation function will reflect the characteristics of time distribution ,sufficient samples are required .To this end ,a dynamic Kriging time-domain interpolation model based on grey theory was established ,which designed with dynamic forecast of equal dimension to ensure the time correlation of data and reduce the disturbance information accumulation .Furthermore ,the curve of variation function was fitted by us-ing the gray theory model which required less modeling data quantity to solve the problem of insufficient samples .This al-gorithm is proved practicable ,reliable and efficient in the application to the actual engineering case of this study .
  • 摘要：Taking a wharf with back sheet pile as the study project ,the impact of its foundation soil modulus change on the stress of the wharf structure under waves was analyzed by using ABAQUS .The results indicate that nonlinear relation-ship exists between the displacement of the wharf structure and the soil modulus .With the increase of the modulus ,the horizontal displacement decreases with diminishing values ;the maximum compressive stress and tensile stress of the wharf structure are mainly concentrated at the lower part of the cap ,and the maximum stress in the structure changes little with soil modulus ;the horizontal displacement curves of the 4 piles in the wharf structure are basically the same ;the zero dis-placement point exists 25 m away from the pile top ,and its position does not change with soil modulus .%以某海堤后板桩高桩码头工程为背景，采用 ABAQUS 有限元软件对波浪作用下，后板桩高桩码头地基土体模量变化对其结构受力的影响进行了分析。计算结果表明：后板桩高桩码头结构和土体的水平位移与土体模量之间存在明显的非线性关系，随着模量的增大，水平位移逐渐减小，位移的变化量也逐渐减小；码头钢筋混凝土结构的最大压应力和最大拉应力均主要集中在承台的下部，结构中的最大应力值随土体模量的变化较小；码头结构中4根桩的桩身水平位移曲线基本一致，在距桩顶约25 m 处存在位移零点，且位移零点的位置基本不随土体模量变化。
  • 摘要：In order to solve the difficulty of calculating the contraction depth for tunnels with horseshoe cross-sections ,a set of proper dimensionless parameters were introduced to unify a variety of calculating formulas ,and then an iterative for-mula of contraction depth for tunnels with horseshoe cross-sections were derived theoretically .By the calculation of MAT-LAB language on an actual example ,it is demonstrated that programming can solve the complexity of calculating formula of contraction depth for horseshoe cross-section well .It is simple and universal with accurate calculation results ,moreover it can provide a comparatively simple calculation method for engineering design .%为了解决马蹄形隧洞收缩水深不易计算的问题，本文首先引入恰当的无量纲参数，使各种马蹄形断面收缩水深的计算公式统一化，从理论上推求得到了马蹄形断面收缩水深的迭代计算公式，然后针对实例采用 MATLAB 语言进行编程计算，通过应用实例可证明，编程方式能很好的解决马蹄形断面收缩水深计算公式复杂的问题，该方法简单、准确、通用，能为工程设计提供较为简便的计算方法。
  • 摘要：根据正交异性板理论和模态叠加法，推导了移动荷载作用下简支板桥的荷载识别方程。为了解决识别方程病态问题，考虑 Tikhonov 正则化方法，选择最优正则参数值，从而得到方程的正则化解。为了验证 Tikhonov 正则化方法的有效性，进行了简支板桥的移动荷载识别模型实验，通过实验确定不同速度车辆经过板桥时的应变响应历程，并将所测得数据代入识别方程求得车辆荷载信息。实验和计算结果对比表明，通过引进 Tikhonov 正则化方法可以获得识别方程的稳定解，提高识别精度，识别结果与实际小车重量吻合较好。%Based on the orthotropic plate theory and the modal superposition method ,the load identification equations for simply supported slab bridges subjected to moving loads were deduced .Tikhonov regularization method was applied to solve the ill conditioned moving load identification equations ,through which an optimal regularization parameter was se-lected to obtain the solution of regularization .In order to check the validity of Tikhonov regularization method ,the moving loads identification model of a simply supported slab bridge was established in the experiment .The strain history was ob-tained when the model truck passed through the bridge at different speeds .Then ,the measured data was substituted into the identification equations to get the load information .The calculation results indicate that the identification results are in good agreement with the actual weight of the model truck ,which means that the Tikhonov regularization method is ef-fective in obtaining a stable solution for load identification equations with improved accuracy .
  • 摘要：The hydraulic model tests of a steep drainage slope were carried out based on the needs of the engineering con-struction ,according to which the rationality of its overall layout and structural arrangement were verified .Meanwhile the main problems existing in the original body design were discussed ,energy dissipation suspension girder was installed in the stilling pool ,and shape optimization tests for drainage slope and the girder were carried out .The test results showed that the flow capacity of the optimized steep drainage slope met the requirements ,and suspension girder set in the stilling pool improved the flow pattern ,This suggest that the overall layout and structural arrangement of this slope are reasonable after optimization .%根据工程建设的需要对某泄水陡坡进行水工模型试验，验证其总体布置和建筑物结构布置的合理性，分析原设计体型存在的主要问题，对泄水陡坡体型进行优化，且在消力池内设置了消能悬栅，并进行体型优化试验。试验表明，优化后的泄水陡坡过流能力满足要求，消力池内悬栅的设置，改善了消力池内的水流流态，工程总体布置和建筑物结构布置合理。
  • 摘要：针对现有水面线计算采用的逐段试算法计算较繁琐等问题，对典型无压长隧洞如城门洞形、卵形无压隧洞恒定渐变流沿程水深的计算进行了数学推导。根据渐变流水力微分方程，利用数值计算理论及无量纲化原理，将恒定渐变流基本微分方程转换为高精度的可解析积分函数形式，进而得到典型无压长隧洞水面线计算得解析式，利用该解析式可直接算得沿程水深。该解析算法比《水工隧洞设计规范》建议的逐段试算法更简捷，并通过工程算例分析，该新解析法成果精度可靠，方便快捷，完全满足工程实践要求。%The existing analytical method for calculating water surface profile adopts section by section trial calculation which is tedious and inconvenient .Here the gradually varied steady flow depth of the typical long non-pressure tunnels with horseshoe-shaped cross-section and oval cross-section was mathematically deduced ,and then its basic differential e-quation was transformed into an analytical integral function with high-precision based on the numerical analysis theory and dimensionless principle ,from which the analytical formula for calculating water surface profile of gradually varied steady flow for typical long non-pressure tunnels was obtained .The water depth can be calculated directly according to this for-mula and it’s more convenient and simple than the recommended method in the specification for design of hydraulic tun-nel .According to the analysis of its application in an actual construction project ,this method is more convenient and simple ,and it can provide more accurate and reliable results that meet the requirements of the construction .
  • 摘要：Nowadays FRP bars are widely applied in the civil engineering structures as a substitute of steel bars .The low elastic modulus and non - yielding characteristics of FRP bars result in large deformations and wide cracks in concrete beams reinforced with these bars under loading .In order to study the factors that influencing the bending performance of FRP reinforced concrete beams ,the finite element software ABAQUS was used to establish a model of this beam and its bending properties was analyzed as well as the influencing factors .The results of the numerical simulation are in good a-greement with the experimental results of other researchers .%目前越来越多的纤维增强塑料筋（FRP）被应用于土木工程当中，把 FRP 筋作为一种钢筋的替代品。 FRP 筋的屈服点不明显而且其弹性模量也比较低，这就造成了荷载下的 FRP 筋混凝土梁会产生较大的变形和裂缝宽度。为了研究影响 FRP 筋混凝土梁受弯性能的各方面因素，采用大型通用有限元分析软件 ABAQUS 对配有 FRP 受拉筋的混凝土梁进行建模并分析其受弯性能。数值模拟结果与他人的实验结果有较高的吻合度，同时分析了影响 FRP 筋混凝土梁受弯性能的一些因素。
  • 摘要：为了更加精确的模拟混凝土结构早期的湿度场，基于 ABAQUS 二次开发平台，开发了精确模拟早期混凝土温湿度场的子程序 UMATHT 和 FELM ，并通过对脚本语言 Python 的二次开发，实现了对温度场结果的自动读取与保存。最后，在湿度场模拟过程中，利用数据接口自动读取相应单元的温度场结果，考虑了温度对湿度场的影响，得到了对湿度场较精确的模拟。%To obtain a more accurate simulation of humidity field of early-age concrete structure ,based on the ABAQUS secondary development platform ,subroutine UMATHT and FELM were developed to calculate the temperature and humid-ity field .And through the secondary development of the scripting language Python ,the automatic reading and storing of temperature field result became possible .Finally ,in the simulation of humidity field ,the temperature field result of cor-responding units was automatically read using subroutines with the consideration of the impact of temperature on the hu-midity field .Therefore the simulation of the humidity field using these subroutines is more accurate .
  • 摘要：基于某地铁隧道与上方高层建筑共建方案，借助于 Midas GTS 大型岩土仿真软件，针对地铁隧道与高层建筑地下室结构合建、分离两个方案进行研究，对比分析了地铁明挖隧道的内力与位移情况。研究表明：高层建筑施工会导致基坑底部以下地层产生明显的沉降变形；结构合建方案会导致下方明挖隧道产生显著的附加应力与变形，对结构承载力与稳定性产生较大影响；而结构分离方案则能利用地下室底板下设置的转换体系将高层建筑附加荷载有效地传递到地层深处，进而有效地减小下方明挖隧道的附加应力与变形。研究结论可为类似工程提供借鉴与参考。%Based on the co-construction project of the subway tunnels and the upper high-rise buildings ,the co-construc-tion and the separate-construction schemes of the subway tunnels and the basements of the upper high-rise buildings were investigated and analyzed with midas GTS ,as well as the stress and deformation field of the subway tunnels .The analysis indicates that the construction of the high-rise buildings will lead to an obvious settlement of the bottom of the pit ;the co-construction scheme will cause remarkable additional stress and deformation for the subway tunnels below and a major im-pact on the capacity and stability of the upper high-rise buildings ;whereas the separate-construction scheme can effec-tively reduce the additional stress and deformation of the subway tunnels below by using the transfer system under the basement floor to transmit the additional load of the high-rise building to the deeper layers .The research conclusion can provide some reference for similar projects .
  • 摘要：提高塔式起重机的本质安全以及合理地使用和管理好塔式起重机，是建筑业亟待解决的难题之一。针对常用的塔式起重机塔架结构建立力学模型，运用线性滤波法模拟三维风速时程，基于 New－mark －β方法数值计算分析高度、塔架结构形式、风向角等关键参数对塔式起重机结构风致效应的影响；为最大限度的降低塔式起重机风致作用下发生安全事故的几率，提出相应的预防措施，并验证预防措施的可行性与可靠性，以期为塔式起重机设计、安装和使用提供了理论指导。%The improvement of intrinsic safety and management of the tower cranes is one of the key problems to be solved in the construction industry .For a typical tower crane ,the parametric mechanical model was established ,through which the time histories of 3D wind velocity series was simulated by auto - regression method .And then the influence of differ-ent key parameters ,such as height ,structure form and wind direction on the wind-induced vibration responses of the tow-er crane structure were calculated and analyzed by Newmark-β approach .To reduce the occurrence of wind-induced acci-dents maximally ,the preventing measures were proposed and validated for their feasibility and reliability ,so as to provide theoretical guidance for the design ,installation and operation of crane towers .
  • 摘要：研究现状表明基本遗传算法应用于边坡稳定性分析时存在局部搜索能力差、容易陷入早熟的缺陷。通过分析提出一个动态杂交率和动态变异率的计算公式对基本遗传算法进行改进，编制了基于改进遗传算法的边坡稳定性分析程序。对一个边坡算例进行了稳定性分析验算，该算例表明改进遗传算法具有更强的全局搜索能力和收敛能力，搜索效果更好。%Present research on the application of the basic genetic algorithm in slope stability analysis shows that the method has poor local search capability and it is prone to premature failures .Here ,a formula which was used to calculate dynamic crossover rate and dynamic mutation rate was proposed to improve the basic genetic algorithm .And then a pro-gram of slope stability analysis was developed based on the improved genetic algorithm .It is proved that the improved ge-netic algorithm has a stronger ability of global search and better convergence ability ,based on its stability analysis of a slope .
  • 摘要：为了研究不同抗冲切元件对板柱节点的破坏形态、刚度和延性的影响，用 ABAQUS 有限元软件对配有六种不同抗冲切元件并受不平衡弯矩作用的板柱节点进行有限元分析，研究结果表明：抗冲切锚栓不仅能有效的提高节点的受冲切承载力，又能改善节点延性；普通抗冲切剪力架可明显提高节点抗冲切性能，腹板开洞的剪力架可改善节点的延性。设抗冲切元件后，各试件实现冲切面的外延，破坏面发生在元件内或元件外，对板柱节点实际工程施工提供理论指导。%In order to study the effect of different anti-punching elements on the failure pattern ,stiffness and ductility of the slab-column connection nodes ,slab-column connection nodes with six different anti-punching elements and resistance of unbalanced moment were simulated by finite element software ABAQUS .Research results indicate that anti-punching anchors can not only effectively improve the node anti-punching bearing capacity ,but also improve its ductility .Common anti-punching shear frame can obviously improve the node anti-punching property .Shear frame with a hole in the slab can improve the ductility of the node .The shear failure occurs within or outside of the anti - punching elements resulting in the extension of the punching shear field after the elements are installed .This study will provide some theoretical guid-ance for the actual construction of slab-column connection nodes .
  • 摘要：车辆荷载模式随着中国桥梁相关规范的更新亦有相应调整，为了解现存连续箱梁桥在新的车辆荷载模式下的结构响应，分别选用《城市桥梁设计准则》（CJJ1l －93）、《城市桥梁设计荷载标准》（CJJ77－98）、《城市桥梁设计规范》（CJJ11－2011）3种不同版本规范中的标准车辆荷载。选取一座旧桥利用 Midas／Civil 建模分析。研究结果表明，对于连续箱梁桥，必须加强各跨跨中抗弯和中墩墩顶处的抗剪验算；同时，该桥的初始设计汽－超20级荷载不能满足“11”规范城－A 级车道荷载边跨跨中最大弯矩的验算要求。%The vehicle load patterns have changed along with the updating of Chinese bridge design codes .To investigate the structural responses under the new Chinese code ,an existing continuous box girder bridge was analyzed based on a real engineering project .Different vehicle load patterns defined in 3 versions of Chinese bridge design codes were used in the analysis process ,which were CJJ11 - 93 ,CJJ77 - 98 ,and CJJ11 - 2011 .The FEM software MIDAS/Civil was adopted to establish the numerical model .The research result indicates that the bending resistance of mid-span and shear-ing resistance of center piers’ top are essential for continuous box girder bridges .The bending resistance under the initial vehicle load design of HS 20 cannot meet the requirements of maximum bending moment for urban class A roads defined in CJJ - 2011 .
  • 摘要：Drainage consolidation method ,utilizing sand and plastic drainage plates as shaft materials commonly ,is a common method in the treatment of soft soil foundations at present .It can better deal the problems of foundation settle-ment and stability .In order to save cost and preserve the ecological environment ,recycled materials such as straw ropes and recycled clothing were proposed to replace sand and plastic plates as shaft materials for the drainage wells .Through the indoor experiments ,the drainage characteristics of different materials used in different foundation models were ob-tained based on the comparison of consolidation tests .The results indicate that both the straw ropes and the recycled clothing can serve as the vertical drainage well with the straw ropes being better ,however ropes rot in two months after buried in the soft soil ,so its durability is unsatisfactory .While recycled clothing has similar strength as the ropes ,and its durability can basically meet the drainage requirements of soft soil foundations .%排水固结法是目前软土地基处理中常用的一种方法，该法可较好的解决地基的沉降和稳定性问题，常采用砂和塑料排水板作为竖井材料。为了节省造价同时保护生态环境，提出了利用秸秆草绳和废旧衣物等材料代替砂或塑料排水板作为排水材料的想法。试验通过对设置不同材料的模型地基进行固结压缩对比，从而获得不同材料竖井地基的排水特性。结果发现：秸秆草绳和废旧衣物均可起到竖向排水井的功效；秸秆草绳的排水效果较好，但是埋藏在软土中的草绳在两个月后腐烂，耐久性不理想；旧衣物的强度下降不明显，其耐久性能满足软土地基排水要求。
  • 摘要：峡江水利枢纽位于“S”形弯道内，引航道上、下游口门区通航水流条件非常复杂。通过物理模型试验研究了引航道口门区通航水流条件，并给出了优化布置方案。结果表明：通过调整引航道中心线位置、缩小引航道中心线与河道主流流向交角，并适当开挖局部高地，有效地改善了上游引航道通航水流条件；下游引航道通航水流条件则主要以外扩式底部透空导流墙整流措施来改善。%Due to the location of the approaching channel entrances of Xiajiang Hydro-junction which is located in a S-shaped reach of Gan river ,the navigable flow condition is very complex .Therefore ,a series of physical model tests were conducted to study the measures to improve the navigable flow condition .Based on the test results of different schemes , it is suggested that to improve the flow condition at the upstream entrance area ,adjusting the approaching channel center-line combined with decreasing the angle between the channel centerline and mainstream direction should be taken as the main measures ,and supplemented by excavating local highland ;in addition ,to improve the downstream flow condition , gradually expanded guide wall with permeable bottom should be the major measure .
  • 摘要：In order to locate the coordinate of the tower center after deformation ,a spatial circle fitting model was estab-lished based on the 3-D coordinates of the spatial circle and spatial sphere .Moreover a universal method of calculating the center of each floor in the tower was developed .At first ,through the calculation of the maximum and intermediate value of coordinate Z ,the spatial plane equation of corresponding floor was deduced .The remaining data of the observa-tion points was used as test data to do a deviation analysis ,through which a coplane of 8 observation points on the same floor of the same year was obtained .And then Newton interpolation was applied to acquire the missing data .According to the test data ,the equation of the spatial sphere was established ,and the characteristic equation of the spatial circle was derived by combining the the spatial plane equation with the spatial sphere equation ,through which the center coordinate of each floor in the ancient tower was determined .%为研究古塔变形后的中心位置坐标，通过空间圆和空间球体，建立了基于三维坐标的空间圆拟合模型，提出计算古塔各层中心位置的通用方法。通过各层 Z 坐标的最值点和中值点，计算出对应层的空间平面方程，将剩余观测点数据作为检验数据，经过离差分析，得出了相同年份同层的8个观测点共面。采用牛顿插值得到了缺失数据，利用检验数据建立了空间球体方程。将空间平面和空间球体方程联立，得到了空间圆特征方程，进而分析出古塔各层的中心位置坐标。
  • 摘要：由于碾压混凝土坝施工中所涉及的机械设备众多，施工机械的配置很大程度影响施工的正常进行，以往都是假定各机械配置能满足施工强度要求。针对这一问题，可运用 GPSS World 软件建立碾压混凝土坝施工系统仿真模型进行分析。对某一具体仓面进行了仿真模拟，得出仓面施工的最优机械配置。结果表明模型具有很强的实用性，模拟结果满足施工的约束条件，符合工程实际。%Due to the involvement of a large amount of machineries in the construction of roller compacted concrete dams , the construction is greatly affected by the deployment and configuration of the machineries .It is a common practice to as-sume all the machineries are configured well according to the intensity of the construction .Based on this situation ,the construction process of a roller compacted concrete dam was analyzed and simulated with the help of GPSS World .Based on the simulation of a specific placement section ,its optimal machinery configuration was obtained .The results indicate that the simulation model is practical and the results obtained from the model meet the constraints of the actual construc-tion .
  • 摘要：坝体结构稳定和坝基防渗是决定工程安全和预期效益的关键因素。柏岭寺水库水利枢纽工程设计方案，大坝采用碾压混凝土重力坝，大坝基础开挖后，坝基持力层由砾岩变为砂岩。现有的混凝土重力坝大多数建在硬岩，软基上建坝的较少，通过调整坝体边坡，改变局部尺寸和坝基灌浆方案的措施，解决了软弱基岩上坝体稳定，坝基渗漏等问题，可为类似工程设计方案的选定提供一定的参考价值。%The stability of dam structure and the seepage prevention of the dam foundation are the key factors that affect the safety of the construction and the achievement of the expected benefit .The design scheme of a hydro - junction pro-ject ,Bailingsi reservoir was introduced in this paper .Its dam is roller-compacted gravity dam .After the excavation of the dam foundation ,the supporting layer of the foundation transferred from the conglomerate layer to the sandstone layer . However ,existing concrete gravity dams were mostly built on hard rocks ,rarely on soft rocks .Through the adjustment of the slope ,partial specification and the grouting measures of the dam foundation ,the stability and seepage problems of the Bailingsi reservoir dam which was built on the soft rock foundation were solved .This study can provide some references for the design of similar engineering projects .
  • 摘要：压型钢板－混凝土组合板的承载能力受混凝土和钢板交界面剪切－黏结强度的控制。剪切－粘结破坏时，混凝土与钢板的界面滑移对组合板的承载特性有重大影响。现行组合楼板设计与施工规范的规定未考虑界面滑移效应的影响，由此可能导致设计结果不够安全。为揭示组合板剪切－黏结破坏的实质，在试验研究和有限元分析的基础上，基于欧洲规范的规定，分析了界面滑移及端部锚固栓钉对组合板承载特性的影响。提出了简支板和端部锚固组合板挠度计算的相关建议，可供工程设计人员参考。%The loading behavior of composite slabs with profiled steel sheetings is affected by the shear bond strength be-tween the concrete and the steel deck .And it’s influenced significantly by the interface slip between the concrete and the steel deck in the case of shear bond failure .However ,the influence of interface slip on loading behavior is not considered in current codes for the design and construction of composite slabs ,which means unsafe results maybe deduced .To reveal the essence of shear bond failure ,according to previous experimental and finite elemental study ,based on the specifica-tions of Euro codes ,influence of interface slip and end-anchorages on the loading behaviour of composite slabs was ana-lyzed .The suggested values for the deflection of simply-supported slabs and slabs with end-anchorages were proposed , which could be used for engineering application .
  • 摘要：为研究 GRF 桩基础在水平荷载下的承载特性，利用有限元分析软件 MSC ．Marc ，建立 GRF 桩基础和普通直桩的非线性三维模型，与普通直桩进行对比，分析了 GRF 桩基础在水平荷载作用下的桩顶和桩身位移、桩身弯矩及桩侧土应力分布。研究发现：在相同的桩顶水平荷载作用下，GRF 桩基础桩顶和桩身水平位移比普通直桩有所减小；锚杆上缘的桩身弯矩发生突变，较普通直桩有所增大，锚杆以下的桩身弯矩均小于普通直桩；GRF 桩的桩前横向土抗力也比普通直桩的小，而桩前锚杆下部土体中的竖向应力有所偏高。%In order to study the mechanical behaviours of the CRF pile foundation under horizontal load ,an advanced fi-nite element analysis software MSC .Marc was adopted to establish three-dimensional models of GRF pile foundation and ordinary straight pile .Comparing with the ordinary straight pile ,the top and body displacement ,bending moment and lateral soil pressure distribution of the GRF pile under horizontal load were analyzed .The study found that the top and body displacement of the GRF pile foundation were smaller than those of the ordinary straight pile under the same horizon-tal load .The bending moment of the pile body beyond the anchor increased abruptly ,which was larger than that of the ordinary pile ;whereas the bending moment below the anchor was smaller than that of the ordinary one .Lateral soil resis-tance of the GRF pile was smaller than that of the ordinary pile ,the vertical stress of the soil where the lower part of the anchor was buried was high .
  • 摘要：提出了地下洞室超挖预测的费歇判别分析方法。通过介绍费歇判别分析方法的理论，并结合工程实例考虑影响地下洞室超挖的因素，建立具体的费歇判别分析模型进行超挖预测。以工程中的大量实测资料作为学习样本进行训练，利用交叉确认估计法对训练后的模型进行检验，最后利用该模型对某平洞的超挖情况进行预测。结果表明，费歇判别分析方法充分考虑了人们在研究地下洞室超挖过程中的先验信息，并在抽取样本的过程中进行修正，具有较强的判别能力，为地下洞室的超挖预测提供了一条新思路。%Based on the Fisher discriminant analysis theory ,a new method for forecasting the over-excavation of under-ground opening was put forward .The Fisher discriminant analysis theory was introduced at first and the factors influencing the over-excavation of underground opening were taken into account to build a forecast model .Engineering data of the construction of an underground opening were used as the training samples .The stability of the model was verified with the cross-validation method ,and the ratio of mistake and discrimination was 0 after the model was trained .The discriminant ability of this model was tested with the prediction of a flat underground engineering .The results indicate that the previ-ous studies of over-excavation are fully considered in Fisher discriminant analysis ,and it is revised during the sample se-lection .So this method has the advantage of strong discriminant ability .This study points out a new direction for the pre-diction of the over-excavation of underground openings .
  • 摘要：The supporting structure of a typical soft clay foundation pit in Pukou ,Nanjing is consist of cast-in-place bored piles constructed by using cantilevers and the impermeable curtain made of biaxial soil-cement piles outside of the pit .The construction of the supporting piles had been completed before the excavation .However ,the subsequent con-struction was adjusted which added 1 m to the depth of the foundation pit .Meanwhile ,due to the rushing of the construc-tion ,the supporting structure of the pit was not reinforced before the excavation ,and excavation process was not con-structed by stagess .These misconducts led to the overturning of the supporting structure ,as well as the settlement and subsidence of the road surface around the pit .According to the comparison of the soil pressure ,the internal force of the supporting piles ,the deformation of the foundation pit and the ground settlement in the original design and the actual ex-cavation ,the causes of the dangerous circumstances were explained and analyzed .The treatment measures were proposed for the subsequent construction of the pit based on the situation ,meanwhile the suggestion about design ,construction and management of the similar foundation pits were put forward for future references .%南京浦口某典型软土基坑，采用悬臂钻孔灌注桩结合坑外双轴水泥土搅拌桩止水帷幕的支护型式。基坑开挖前支护桩已施工，但后期建筑结构进行了调整，使得基坑加深1．0 m 。由于抢工期，未进行基坑加固便开始挖土，开挖过程也未采取分段开挖，导致支护桩倾覆，基坑出现险情，坑边路面下沉、坍塌。通过对比原设计与实际开挖2种条件下土压力、支护桩的内力、基坑变形及地面沉降的变化，阐述了险情产生的原因。根据现场情况提出了处理措施，保证基坑的后续施工，同时给出了类似基坑工程的设计、施工和管理方面引以为鉴的建议。
  • 摘要：地质灾害易发性评价方法有多种，而采用单一的评价方法所得结果往往可信度较低。文中采取相同的评价指标，分别应用信息量法与层次分析法对西藏吉太曲及其一级支流日东曲流域地质灾害易发性进行评价，两种方法的评价结果表明吉太曲流域内地质灾害发生的主要控制因素为坡度、地层岩性和植被，同时该流域地质灾害具有沿河道一定范围内易发性高，距离河道远地质灾害易发性低的特点。两种方法的评价结果相互对比验证，使评价结果更可信，更具有说服力。%There are a variety of methods of evaluating the susceptibility of geological hazards ,and the result of a single evaluation method is often less reliable .Here ,the geological hazard susceptibility of Jitai river and its tributary Ridong river in Tibet were evaluated respectively according to the information method and analytical hierarchy process ,based on the same evaluation indexes .The evaluation results indicate that the main controlling factors inducing geological hazards in Jitai river basin are slope gradient ,formation lithology and vegetation coverage .The susceptibility of geological hazards is high along the river channel ,but low away from the river .The evaluation results of the two methods validate each oth-er ,which makes the final results more credible and reliable .
  • 摘要：为了研究双层高强螺旋箍筋约束混凝土短柱在轴压作用下的强度和延性，在国内外学者对约束混凝土研究的基础上，分析其应力－应变曲线和破坏形态，进而探讨箍筋形式和配箍特征值（综合影响因素）对双层高强螺旋箍筋约束混凝土短柱强度和延性性能的影响。研究结果表明：模拟与试验结果吻合较好，增大双层高强螺旋箍筋约束混凝土试件的配箍特征值对提高钢筋混凝土圆柱的极限承载力和延性有明显效果，结果偏于安全。%High-strength stirrup (cold drawn high-strength steel wire) has been developed ,but there is only a few studies on the strength and ductility of double-layered high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete circular columns at home and abroad .In order to study the strength and ductility of double-layered high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete circu-lar columns under eccentric load ,based on domestic and oversea studies on confined concrete ,the stress-strain curves and failure patterns were analyzed .Then the influence of stirrup forms and transverse reinforcement characteristic values on the strength and ductility of double-layered high-strength spiral stirrup confined concrete circular columns were dis-cussed based on the analysis .The results indicate that the simulation results are in good agreement with the test results . The effective constraints have significant effect on improving the ultimate bearing capacity and ductility of reinforced con-crete columns and the results indicate that the values are within the safety range .
  • 摘要：Static elasto-plastic analysis(Push - over analysis)method is being accepted by the majority of researchers and designers at home and abroad with its convenient operation ,strong practicality and high accuracy .Based on the basic principle of Push - over ,the setting of certain parameters were discussed ,such as lateral load pattern ,failure form ,P-Δeffect etc .,which had significant impacts on the analysis results .And then ,a simple calculation was performed on a frame structure based on the setting of appropriate parameters with the finite element software Sap2000 v15 .The results were in well agreement with the existing research results .The study indicates that the static analysis of similar structures using this software can meet the corresponding code requirements with a high safety coefficient .%静力弹塑性分析方法（Push － over 分析法），由于操作方便、实践性强、准确度高等优点，是国内外广大科研工作者及设计人员所接受的结构抗震能力的评估方法。基于 Push － over 的基本原理，对侧向力模式、破坏形式及 P －Δ效应等能够对分析结果产生重大影响的参数设置进行了探讨，最后利用有限元软件 Sap2000 v15对一框架结构进行了简单的设计验算，计算结果与已有研究结果吻合相对较好。结论表明，运用该软件对类似结构进行静力弹塑性分析能够满足相应规范的规定，且安全系数相对较高。
  • 摘要：To reveal the alleviation effect of pipe piles under widened highway subgrade on the settlement of the soft soil foundation and the influence of different factors of composite foundations on the outcome of the treatments ,the numerical analysis method was used to analyze the deformation characteristics of pipe pile composite foundations and the treatment results of various factors were compared and analyzed .The results indicate that the pipe pile processing can effectively control the settlement of soft soil foundation ,therefore reduce the differential settlement of the top part of the subgrade . The settlement of the subgrage and foundation is more sensitive to the length and spacing of the pipe piles ,the larger the pipe pile length is ,the more obvious the effect is .So moderate pile spacing is recommended for better effect of settlement alleviation .However the change of pile modulus ,cushion modulus and grate modulus has little effect on the amount of foundation settlement .%为揭示拓宽路基下管桩处治技术缓解软土地基沉降的效果和管桩复合地基相关因素对处治效果的影响，应用数值分析方法系统研究了管桩复合地基的变形性状，并对各因素的处治效果进行对比分析。研究结果表明：管桩处理能够有效控制软土地基的沉降，进而减小路基顶面的不均匀沉降；路基和地基的沉降量对管桩桩长和桩间距的变化比较敏感，桩体长度越大缓解沉降的效果越明显，适中的桩体间距才能更好地减少沉降，而桩模量、垫层模量和格栅模量的变化对地基沉降量影响很小。
  • 摘要：采用现场地质调查与现场测试分析相结合的方法，介绍了肖家沟泥石流的沟谷特征和形成区、流通区、堆积区特征，并从危险度、危害性两方面做出了危险性评价。结果表明：泥石流砾石含量高，冲击能量高，可判断该泥石流属于滚动推移搬运为主的泥石流。肖家沟泥石流属轻度危险，泥石流重度为1．75 kN／m3，肖家沟泥石流在清香坪堆渣之后，暴发泥石流的流速为13．69 m／s ，泥石流冲击力44．56 kPa ，对于整个堆渣体来说，此冲击力较小，不会对弃渣场的稳定性造成破坏性的影响。%Based on the geological survey and field test analysis data ,the features of Xiaojiagou gully of debris flow were introduced ,as well as the characteristics of the forming area ,circulation area and accumulation area of the debris flow . In addition ,a risk assessment was conducted from the aspects of the severeness and hazardousness of the flow .The re-sults showed that the gravel content of the flow was high ,and the impact energy was strong .So it was drawn that this flow was mainly driven by a rolling and elapsing force .Xiaojiagou debris flow was classified mild ,its weight was 1 .75 kN/m3 .After the formation of the slag field in Qingxiangping of Xiaojiagou gully ,the velocity of the debris flow became 13 .69 m/s ,the impact of debris flow was 44 .56 kPa ,for the volume of the slag field ,the impact was relatively weak , and it wouldn’t pose destructive threats to the stability of the slag field .
  • 摘要：Based on a case study of a highway project ,the impact and control measures of traffic noise pollution were an-alyzed and discussed .First of all ,the traffic noise in the Xiangyang village where the highway is partially located was monitored to analyze the noise pollution .And then ,the prediction model of noise pollution was built by using Cadna/A software .According to the model ,the traffic noise contribution value was compounded by the background environment noise to determine the characteristics of the noise pollution and its development trend .Based on the analysis ,the design parameters of the noise barrier were calculated .The simulation results showed that noise pollution was more serious dur-ing the night than that of the daytime ,with the increasing of the traffic volumn ,the noise pollution became more serious . The traffic noise exceeding value was 1 .9 dB(A)in the daytime of 2014 ,10 .1 dB(A)in the nighttime of 2014 ;and it would be 4 .9 dB(A)in the daytime of 2028 ,13 .2 dB(A)in the nighttime of 2028 .So the sound barrier of 490 meters in length and 3 .2 meters in height was recommended for the noise pollution control ,which would meet the practical noise reduction requirements before 2028 .Moreover ,track monitoring of traffic noise pollution should be done ,and some funds for installing sound insulation windows for some residents should be set up .%以某高速公路项目为依托，研究交通噪声污染影响及防治措施。通过对高速公路沿线向阳村的声环境进行实际监测，分析现状噪声值。利用 Cadna／A 噪声模拟软件进行噪声仿真模拟，对交通噪声贡献值与环境噪声背景值进行叠加计算，分析噪声污染特点及发展趋势，计算确定声屏障设计参数。结果表明：夜间噪声污染更为严重，噪声污染随着交通量增大越发严重。2014年昼间超标值为1．9 dB（A），夜间超标值为10．1 dB（A）；2028年昼间超标值为4．9 dB（A），夜间超标值为13．2 dB（A）；长490 m 、高3．2 m 声屏障可满足2028年之前的噪声污染控制要求。应对交通噪声进行跟踪监测，并预留资金为部分居民设置隔声窗。

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