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首页> 外文期刊>Eastern economic journal >MONETARY POLICY, EFFICIENCY WAGES, AND NOMINAL WAGE RIGIDITIES
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MONETARY POLICY, EFFICIENCY WAGES, AND NOMINAL WAGE RIGIDITIES

机译:货币政策,有效工资和名义工资刚性

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摘要

Several efficiency wage models have been used to analyze monetary policy. In some of these, including those of Stiglitz [1984], Summers [1988], and Gottfries and Westermark [1998], rigidities in the labor market keep nominal wages constant. So, a rise in the money supply lowers real wages. This raises employment and output. Crucially, each of these papers assumes that the effect of employment on productivity is small or nonexistent. The current paper uses a general efficiency wage model to reanalyze the effects of monetary policy. Here, a rise in the money supply raises employment but lowers output. This happens because efficiency or productivity falls when the money supply rises. Following Stiglitz [1984], Summers [1988], and Gottfries and Westermark [1998], the monetary shock raises prices and so lowers real wages. Low wages and the resulting high employment both reduce efficiency. Firing becomes less of a punishment because the current job pays less, and because fired workers can more easily find new jobs. Thus, workers work less hard and productivity falls. With lower productivity but more employment, the effect on output is ambiguous. The ambiguity is resolved using published empirical results. Using these to parameterize the model, output falls when the money supply rises. This result, although perhaps surprising, is consistent with many results in the efficiency wage literature. In many models, employment and output move in opposite directions when some government policy changes the real wage. This holds in analyses of minimum wage laws, employment subsidies and taxes, tariffs, and other policies. The current analysis extends this familiar microeconomic result to the study of monetary policy.
机译:几种效率工资模型已用于分析货币政策。在其中的一些国家中,包括斯蒂格利茨(Stiglitz,1984),萨默斯(Summers,1988)以及戈特弗里斯和韦斯特马克(Gottfries and Westermark,1998),劳动力市场的刚性使名义工资保持不变。因此,货币供应量的增加降低了实际工资。这增加了就业和产出。至关重要的是,这些论文均假设就业对生产率的影响很小或根本不存在。本文使用一般效率工资模型重新分析货币政策的影响。在这里,货币供应的增加增加了就业,但降低了产出。发生这种情况是因为当货币供应量增加时效率或生产率下降。继斯蒂格利茨(Stiglitz,1984),萨默斯(Summers,1988)以及戈特弗里斯和韦斯特马克(Gottfries and Westermark,1998)之后,货币冲击导致价格上涨,从而降低了实际工资。低工资和由此产生的高就业率都降低了效率。解雇不再是一种惩罚,因为当前工作的薪水更低,而且被解雇的工人更容易找到新工作。因此,工人的辛苦工作减少了,生产率下降了。生产率较低但就业较多,对产出的影响是模棱两可的。使用公开的经验结果可以解决歧义。使用这些参数化模型,当货币供应量增加时,产出就会下降。该结果虽然可能令人惊讶,但与效率工资文献中的许多结果一致。在许多模型中,当一些政府政策改变实际工资时,就业和产出向相反的方向发展。这适用于最低工资法,就业补贴和税收,关税以及其他政策的分析。当前的分析将这种熟悉的微观经济学结果扩展到了货币政策的研究中。

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  • 来源
    《Eastern economic journal》 |2005年第3期|p.349-359|共11页
  • 作者

    Thomas J. Carter;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Economics, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, 140 Seventh Avenue South, St. Petersburg, Florida, 33701;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类 f;
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