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Assessing the soil erosion control service of ecosystems change in the Loess Plateau of China

机译：黄土高原生态系统变化的水土流失防治服务评价。

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摘要

Soil erosion in terrestrial ecosystems, as an important global environmental problem, significantly impacts on environmental quality and social economy. By protecting soil from wind and water erosion, terrestrial ecosystems supply human beings with soil erosion control service, one of the fundamental ecosystem services that ensure human welfare. The Loess Plateau was one of the regions in the world that suffered from severe soil erosion. In the past decades, restoration projects were implemented to improve soil erosion control in the region. The Grain-to-Green project, converting slope croplands into forest or grasslands, launched in 1999 was the most massive one. It is needed to assess the change of soil erosion control service brought about by the project. This study evaluated the land cover changes from 2000 to 2008 by satellite image interpretation. Universal Soil Loss Equation (USLE) was employed for the soil erosion control assessment for the same period with localized parameters. Soil retention calculated as potential soil erosion (erosion without vegetation cover) minus actual soil erosion was applied as indicator for soil erosion control service. The results indicate that ecosystem soil erosion control service has been improved from 2000 to 2008 as a result of vegetation restoration. Average soil retention rate (the ratio of soil retention to potential soil loss in percentage) was up to 63.3% during 2000-2008. Soil loss rate in 34% of the entire plateau decreased, 48% unchanged and 18% slightly increased. Areas suffering from intense erosion shrank and light erosion areas expanded. Zones with slope gradient of 8°-35° were the main contribution area of soil loss. On average, these zones produced 82% of the total soil loss with 45.5% of the total area in the Loess Plateau. Correspondingly, soil erosion control capacity was significantly improved in these zones. Soil loss rate decreased from 50001 km~(-2) yr~(-1) to 36001 kim~(-2) yr~(-1), 69001 km~(-2) yr~(-1) to 47001 knr~(-2) yr~(-1) and 85001 km~(-2) yr~(-1) to 55001 km~(-2) yr~(-1) in the zones with slope gradient of 8°-15°, 15°-25°, and 25°-35° respectively. However, the mean soil erosion rate in areas with slope gradient over 8° was still larger than 36001 km~(-2) yr~(-1), which is far beyond the tolerable erosion rate of 10001 km~(-2) yr~(-1). Thus, soil erosion is still one of the top environmental problems that need more ecological restoration efforts.
机译：作为重要的全球环境问题，陆地生态系统中的土壤侵蚀严重影响了环境质量和社会经济。通过保护土壤免受风和水的侵蚀，陆地生态系统为人类提供了土壤侵蚀控制服务，这是确保人类福祉的基本生态系统服务之一。黄土高原是世界上遭受严重土壤侵蚀的地区之一。在过去的几十年中，实施了恢复项目，以改善该地区的水土流失控制。 1999年启动的将坡地农田转变为森林或草原的“粮食转绿”项目是规模最大的项目。需要评估该项目带来的水土流失控制服务的变化。这项研究通过卫星图像解释评估了2000年至2008年的土地覆盖变化。通用土壤流失方程（USLE）用于具有局部参数的同期土壤侵蚀控制评估。将土壤保持力计算为潜在的土壤侵蚀（无植被覆盖的侵蚀）减去实际土壤侵蚀，作为土壤侵蚀控制服务的指标。结果表明，从2000年到2008年，由于恢复了植被，生态系统的土壤侵蚀控制服务得到了改善。在2000年至2008年期间，平均土壤保持率（土壤保持力与潜在土壤流失的百分比）达到63.3％。整个高原地区的土壤流失率下降了34％，不变的是48％，轻微的增加了18％。遭受严重侵蚀的地区萎缩，轻微侵蚀的地区扩大。坡度为8°-35°的区域是土壤流失的主要贡献区域。在黄土高原地区，这些区域平均造成了总土壤流失的82％，占总面积的45.5％。相应地，这些地区的土壤侵蚀控制能力得到了显着提高。土壤流失率从50001 km〜（-2）yr〜（-1）降至36001 kim〜（-2）yr〜（-1），69001 km〜（-2）yr〜（-1）降至47001 knr〜在坡度为8°-15°的区域中为（-2）yr〜（-1）和85001 km〜（-2）yr〜（-1）至55001 km〜（-2）yr〜（-1） ，15°-25°和25°-35°。但是，坡度大于8°的地区平均土壤侵蚀率仍大于36001 km〜（-2）yr〜（-1），远远超过了10001 km〜（-2）yr的容许侵蚀速率。 〜（-1）。因此，水土流失仍然是需要加大生态修复力度的主要环境问题之一。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological Complexity》 |2011年第4期|p.284-293|共10页
  • 作者

    Bojie Fu; Yu Liu; Yihe Lue; Chansheng He; Yuan Zeng; Bingfang Wu;

  • 作者单位

    State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China;

    State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China;

    State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China;

    Department of Geography, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, Ml 49008-5053, USA;

    Institute of Remote Sensing Applications, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, PR China;

    State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, P.O. Box 2871, Beijing 100085, PR China;

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  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
  • 中图分类
  • 关键词

    ecosystem services; soil erosion; soil conservation; USLE; loess plateau;

    机译：生态系统服务;水土流失;水土保持;USLE;黄土高原;

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