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Analysis of spatiotemporal changes of the human-water relationship using water resources constraint intensity index in Northwest China

机译：基于水资源约束强度指数的西北地区人水关系时空变化分析

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Water resources constraint intensity (WRCI) refers to the conflict degree between water scarcity and human activities. We provide a comprehensive dynamic assessment index system for WRCI, which is composed of three primary indicators (natural endowment, exploitation and utilization degree, exploitation and utilization efficiency of water resources) and nine secondary indicators. After ascertaining the thresholds and grading standards for each specific indicator and their integrated indexes according to the experience of developed countries and regions, we employ an Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) model reformed by entropy technology to calculate their weights, and establish a multi objective fuzzy membership function to calculate the normalized values. Subsequently, we use the statistical data of 51 prefecture level regions in Northwest China during 2000-2014 to analyze the spatiotemporal changes of WRCI and its primary and secondary indicators. The results show that WRCI in the whole region of Northwest China belonged to the less strong or weak constraint type during the period. However, Northwest China was confronted with great disparity in human-water relationship according to the temporal and spatial changes of WRCI and its primary and secondary indicators. About 1/3 of prefecture level regions belonged to the strong and very strong constraint type. About 1/3 belonged to the less strong constraint type. Only about 1/3 belonged to the weak and very weak constraint type. The framework provides a relatively absolute evaluation of the conflict degree between the human-water systems. It might help to scientifically understand the spatiotemporal features of the relationship between water scarcity and human activities for Northwest China, and also has the potential for application in other areas and scales for monitoring and comparison purposes in space and over time.
机译：水资源约束强度（WRCI）是指水资源短缺与人类活动之间的冲突程度。我们提供了WRCI的综合动态评估指标体系，它由三个主要指标（自然end赋，开发利用程度，水资源开发利用效率）和9个次要指标组成。在根据发达国家和地区的经验确定每个具体指标及其综合指标的阈值和分级标准之后，我们采用熵技术改造的层次分析法（AHP）模型来计算其权重，并建立多目标模糊隶属函数计算归一化值。随后，我们使用2000-2014年中国西北地区51个地级区域的统计数据，分析了WRCI的时空变化及其主要和次要指标。结果表明，在整个西北地区，WRCI在此期间属于较弱约束类型。然而，根据WRCI的时空变化及其主要和次要指标，中国西北地区在人水关系上存在巨大差距。大约1/3的县级区域属于强约束类型和非常强约束类型。大约1/3属于次强约束类型。仅约1/3属于弱约束和非常弱约束类型。该框架对人水系统之间的冲突程度提供了相对绝对的评估。它可能有助于科学地了解中国西北地区水资源短缺与人类活动之间关系的时空特征，并且还具有在其他领域和规模应用的潜力，可以在空间和时间上进行监视和比较。

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