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How to tell green from grey? Towards a methodological framework for evaluating the greening of national tax systems

机译:如何从灰色分辨绿色?建立评估国家税收制度绿色化的方法框架

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摘要

In this paper, we evaluate four types of indicators that can be used for measuring the greening of a tax system: revenue-based indicators, single tax rates, aggregate tax-rate based indicators and the implicit tax rate on energy. We develop an evaluation framework, introducing two principal evaluation criteria: content validity and comprehensiveness, and four statistical criteria: data availability, comparison over time, international comparability and ease of aggregation. Additional analysis regarding the issue of weighting is carried out for the aggregate tax-rate based indicator. The theoretical and methodological evaluation is supplemented and validated empirically using recent data on the Belgian and Flemish tax system. Finally, conclusions are drawn with regard to the strengths and the weaknesses of the four types of indicators, and recommendations are made for further research. (C) 2016 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
机译:在本文中,我们评估了可用于衡量税制绿色化的四种类型的指标:基于收入的指标,单一税率,基于总税率的指标和能源隐含税率。我们开发了一个评估框架,引入了两个主要的评估标准:内容有效性和全面性,以及四个统计标准:数据可用性,随着时间的推移进行比较,国际可比性和易于汇总。对于基于税率总额的指标,对权重问题进行了其他分析。理论和方法上的评估通过使用比利时和佛兰德税收制度的最新数据进行了补充和验证。最后,就四种类型指标的优缺点得出结论,并提出了进一步研究的建议。 (C)2016 Elsevier Ltd.保留所有权利。

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