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Ecological indexes for the analysis of the spatial-temporal characteristics of ecosystem service supply and demand: A case study of the major grain- producing regions in Quzhou, China

机译：用于生态系统服务供求时空特征分析的生态指标-以Qu州主要粮食产区为例

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摘要

Identifying the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in the ecosystem service (ES) supply and demand can provide visual and effective information for ecosystem management and decision-making. However, it is difficult to identify spatial and temporal changes in ES because of complex and dynamic relationships and the lack of methods available for integrating the total supply and demand of ES. In this paper, from the perspective of the relationship between the ES supply and demand, two ecological indexes, namely, the match degree of supply and demand (MD-supply-demand), and the coordination degree of supply and demand (CD-supply-demand), were formulated using an analytical framework for ES potentials, flows, and demands. Taking a case study of Quzhou County in Hebei Province, China, as an example, the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in ES were analyzed using the spatial analytical techniques of a geographical information system (GIS). The results showed that MD-supply-demand and CD-supply-demand were capable of characterizing the spatial and temporal changes in the regional ES supply and demand. In 1985-2015, Quzhou County exhibited a decrease in its MD-supply-demand, indicating a decrease in the carrying capacity of ES. In addition, the study area also presented a decrease in its CD-supply-demand and significant changes in different zones, indicating a decrease in the sustainability of the ES supply and demand. These findings demonstrate that MD-supply-demand and CD-supply-demand are useful indexes for characterizing the relationship between the ES supply and demand and can be used as practical tools for ecosystem management to analyze the characteristics of spatial and temporal changes in ES.
机译：识别生态系统服务（ES）供求的时空变化特征可以为生态系统管理和决策提供视觉和有效的信息。但是，由于复杂和动态的关系以及缺乏可用于整合ES总供求的方法，很难确定ES的时空变化。本文从生态系统供求关系的角度出发，提出了两个生态指标，即供需匹配度（MD供需）和供需协调度（CD供需）。 （需求），是使用针对ES潜力，流量和需求的分析框架制定的。以中国河北省zhou州市为例，利用地理信息系统（GIS）的空间分析技术，分析了ES的时空变化特征。结果表明，MD供应和CD供应需求能够表征区域ES供求的时空变化。 1985年至2015年，Qu州县的MD供需量下降，表明ES的承载能力下降。此外，研究区域的CD供求也有所下降，并且在不同区域发生了显着变化，这表明ES供需的可持续性下降。这些发现表明，MD供应和CD供应需求是表征ES供应和需求之间关系的有用指标，可以用作生态系统管理分析ES时空变化特征的实用工具。

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