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西部林业科学

西部林业科学

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Journal of West China Forestry Science
《西部林业科学》简介《西部林业科学》系由云南省林业科学院、云南省林学会联合主办的公开发行的学术类刊物。为RCCSE中国核心学术期刊、中国科技核心期刊、中国林业核心期刊，全国优秀科技期刊，云南省优秀科技期、《CAJ-CD规范》执行优秀期刊。《西部林业科学》被《中国期刊全文数据库》、《中国期刊网》、《中国学术期刊（光盘版）》、《中国科技期刊数据库》、《万方数据库》全文收录，被美国《乌利希期刊指南》、《中国核心期刊（遴选）数据库》收录，并成为《中国学术期刊综合评价数据》统计源期刊。《西部林业科学》目前影响因子为0.882，位居云南省学术期刊前列。《西部林业科学》主要刊登林业各专业的科学试验研究报告、学术论文、综合评述等方面的科技文章，含造林、林木育种、森林经营、经济林果、森林保护、森林生态、森林经理、森林工业、林产品加工与利用、森林经济、林业应用基础等专业内容。《西部林业科学》聘请了中国资深院士陈俊愉、原联合国人与生物圈委员会主席李文华院士、张亚平院士及孙汉董院士为首席编委，聘请了含四川、贵州、广西、重庆等7 个省市区的35位知名专家学者为编委。《西部林业科学》以云南林业科学技术为立足点，面向中国西部，力求反映中国西部林业科学技术水平，面向全国征订发行。欢迎全国各地的林业工作者投稿，开展学术讨论，促进学术交流。网址：http：\\www.ynlky.netE-mail：yafinfo@public.km.yn.cn;jwcfs@qq.com编辑部地址：云南省昆明市黑龙潭盘龙区蓝桉路2号云南省林业科学院内邮 政 编 码：650201主 编：杨宇明 韩明跃电 话：(0871)5211394
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  • 开始收录时间：1973(2)
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  • 创刊时间：1972
  • 国内刊号/CN：53-1194/S
    国际刊号/ISSN：1672-8246
  • 发行周期：双月刊
    邮发代号：-
  • 主管单位：云南省林业厅
    主办单位：云南省林业科学院 云南省林学会
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  • 地址：昆明市盘龙区黑龙潭蓝桉路2号云南省林业和草原科学院
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西部林业科学 >2023年第5期

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  • 摘要：From information of The 7 th National Forest Resources Survey, we summarized current situation of forest land in each province and evaluate the qualities of these land and those of in reserve.We concluded that the total possible forest land supplied would be 32 223 800 hm2.%根据中国第7次全国森林资源清查资料,对全国林地面积在各省市、区的分布情况作了概述,并对现有林地及后备林地质量作了评价,现利用查阅文献和统计调查的方法,分析各省市、区可供发展速生丰产林的林地资源,最后估算出中国发展速生丰产林的林地供给面积为3 222.38万hm2.
  • 摘要：An experiment on the effect of cutting root of 5 year old seedlings on sprouting of lignifed roots of Parakmeria yunnanensis.it showed that there was close relationship for newly sprouting roots and the climate in different seasons of cutting root treatment.The sprouting time of new root was closely related with the temperature but less so with moisture.The root sprouting and its growth were closely related to temperature when cutting root and more or less related to rainfall and amount of evaporation, but less so to relative moisture.The higher the temperature when cutting was carried out, the earlier the sprouting time of root; and, the higher the temperature and rainfall when cutting was carried out, the better the development of root system.It was thus recommanded cutting root treatment of Parakmeria yunnanensis be carried out in spring and summer, not in autumn or winter.There were 115.6 and 178.4 roots of Parakmeria yunnanensis.after 3 and 6 months respectively, and average numbers of them were 39.2 an 84.0 of root length ≥5cm, respectively.In soil thickness of 26.Ocm and 34.6cm, its lateral roots reached length of 14.4cm and 25.2cm respectively.Compared to cutting root treatment in winter, those in spring and sum-mer had 108.0 and 126.8 more roots, and 39.2 and 73.2 more lateral roots of length ≥5cm.after 3 and 6 months respectively.And the distributions of lateral roots were as deep as in 18.0cm and 6.8cm of soil, and longer that it with 13.0cm and 15.2cm respectively.%在昆明大马山树木园进行的云南拟单性木兰5年生苗木不同季节断根处理的苗木根系萌发生长效应的试验结果表明:云南拟单性木兰苗木新根的萌发与断根处理季节的气候因素有较大关系.其新根的萌发时间与温度紧密相关而与湿度关系不大;根系的萌发生长状况与断根季节的温度紧密相关,与降水量和蒸发量有一定关系,而与相对湿度关系不大.断根处理时的温度愈高,苗木新根的萌发时间愈早;断根处理时的温度、降水量愈高,其根系的萌发生长愈好.在滇中地区云南拟单性木兰苗木断根处理的季节宜在春、夏季进行,而不宜在秋季和冬季进行.夏季断根处理后3个月及6个月时其苗木每株有根系115.6根及178.4根,根长≥5 cm的侧根数为39.2根及84.0根,侧根分布土层的深度为26.0 cm及34.6 cm,侧根最长达14.4 cm及25.2 cm.与冬季断根处理后3个月及6个月时的苗木根系相比,新根数多108.0根及126.8根,根长≥5 cm的侧根数多39.2根及73.2根,侧根分布土层的深度多18.0 cm及6.8 cm,最长侧根长度多13.0 cm及15.2 cm.
  • 摘要：In order to study the effects of introduced trees like Abies firma, Thuja occidentalis, Chamaecyparis pisifera and Chamaecyparis obtusa on the biodiversity of vegetation in Baishanzu Natural Protection Area, we used an adjacent quadrates to study the vegetation of Mount Baishanzu which had dominant tree species of introduced trees and that of in Guomaojian Mount which had dominant tree species of local plants, and then compared the plant communities of the two places.It showed that after the introduction of foreign trees in Mount Baishanzu for years, there had formed vegetation of dominant trees that were foreign species, which had formed three layers of arbor, shrub and herb.The extent of biodiversity of three layers was ranked as shrub ＞ arbor ＞ herb; in Mount Guomaojian , there was no formation of the layer of arbor, and there was higher coverage rate of herb, biodiversity in herb layer was higher in Mount Guomaojian than that of Mount Baishanzu.This suggested that the introduction of foreign trees increased biodiversity in arbor layer but decreased in herb layer.It was worthwhile noting that the consequences of introduced trees on local plants after closure of increasing stand.%为了研究引栽日本冷杉、北美香柏、日本花柏、日本扁柏等外来树种对百山祖自然保护区原生植被植物物种多样性的影响,采用相邻格子样方法对以外来树种为优势种的百山祖主峰植物群落和原生的锅帽尖植物群落进行了野外调查,并对其植物群落的植物物种多样性作了分析比较.结果表明:百山祖主峰自引栽外来树种后,形成了以外来树种为优势种具乔木层、灌木层和草本层的植物群落结构,其各层次物种多样性的次序是灌木层＞乔木层＞草本层;与之相比的锅帽尖原生植物群落没有形成乔木层,其草本层的盖度较高,各层次的植物物种多样性的次序是灌木层＞草本层.两者植物的物种多样性比较是百山祖主峰＞锅帽尖;草本植物的物种丰富度比较是锅帽尖＞百山祖主峰.说明外来树种的引栽提高了引栽点植物群落的木本植物物种多样性,降低了草本植物的物种多样性.值得关注的是随着引种的外来树种树高的增长,林分的郁闭,对本土植物生长所造成的影响性.
  • 摘要：The stem tips and auxiliary buds of Aristolochia delavayi were used as explants for rapid propagation with tissue culture of Aristolochia delavayi, the experiment was with 22 treatments and 3 replications.It showed that it developed well in SH culture, with the explants in SH + BA 0.5 ～ 2.0 mg/L, its induction cluster buds might reach as high as 80％ , and the succeeding tissue culture was with higher duplicated indices in SH + 6 - BAO.5 ～ 1.0 mg/L + NAAO.1 mg/L culture.It showed better rooting in 1/2SH + IBA1.0 mg/L culture, which reached as high as 60％.%以山草果茎尖及带腋芽的茎段为外植体进行组织培养实验,共22处理,3次重复.实验结果表明,SH培养基较有利于山草果的培养,外植体在SH+6-BA0.5～2.0mg/L的培养基中有利于顶芽和腋芽萌动生长,萌芽诱导率可达80%以上;继代培养以SH+6-BA0.5～1.0 mg/L+NAA0.1 mg/L培养基的增殖系数较高;生根培养基以1/2SH+IBA1.0 mg/L较好,生根率可达60%以上.
  • 摘要：依据石林县自然概况,分析石林县创建国家森林城市的城区、道路、河流绿化现状及石林风景名胜区保护区森林景观植被建设情况,按照国家森林城市评价标准,对石林县森林城市主要指标进行评价,综合评估了其生态、经济及社会效益,提出石林县国家森林城市建设发展方向.%According to current situation in Shilin County, the afforestation in its urban area, street and river bank were used to analyze while in creating a national forest city, as well as the construction of forest vegetation in Stone Forest Scenic Spots and Conservation Area.According to the evaluation criteria of National Forest City, we evaluated the ecological, economical and social benefit with main indexes from Shilin County, and proposed direction of the making of Shilin County to be National Forest City.
  • 摘要：Through the investigation of Grain for Green Project in basin area of Pingwu County in Sichuan Province , I used methodology of both quantitative and qualitative analysis to evaluation the ecological compensation of the project.It showed that the extent of dependence of the project varied in areas.Since the fund from compensation alleviated the pressure more or less in adjustment of structure in agriculture production, the farmers were able to benefit from sustained profit from the project, thus this was key factor in success of Grain for Green option.Moreover , in face of the problem of the ownership of woods in cultivated land, the farmers would still support the project in so called "cheng xiao yan shou" model.%通过对四川盆周山区平武县退耕还林的基本情况进行调查,采用定性和定量相结合的方法,对其生态补偿特征进行分析,结果表明,农户对退耕补偿的依赖程度有区域性,生态补贴缓解了农户在产业结构调整中面临的生存压力,退耕农户利益得到持续保障是稳定退耕还林成果的关键因素;农户对还耕地中林木处置权的实现感到困难,"成效验收"生态补偿模式能调动农户的积极性.研究结果可为下一步退耕生态补偿的调整和实施提供参考依据.
  • 摘要：对晋陕蒙砒砂岩区实施沙棘生态工程始期(1998年)、中期(2003年)、末期(2008年)3个时期(控制年份)景观斑块特征的研究结果表明:沙棘林景观的斑块变化最为明显.从斑块数量上来看,各粒级斑块数量均有所增加;在各斑块所占的比例上,小斑块比例在减小,中斑块、大斑块及巨斑块的比例在迅速增加.说明沙棘生态工程的实施使得该区沙棘林景观小斑块逐渐连结为更大的斑块.在其生态工程实施的各期,沙棘林的类斑近圆指数从中期2003年的1.86增加到末期2008年的2.65,变化较为明显,体现出在沙棘萌蘖性能的影响下,景观斑块形状逐渐变得复杂.沙棘林斑块分维数从中期2003年的1.056 6增加到末期2008年的1.080 2,在持续开展沙棘造林的过程中,斑块数增加.面积增加,边界趋于更加复杂,与其形状指数显示的结果相一致.该区复杂的斑块形状是沙棘林向外迅速扩张的活力表征.此外,还对该区实施沙棘生态工程各期的盖沙地、水域、居民地、灌丛、稀疏植被、林地、草地、未利用地等的景观斑块特征作了分析.%Through the observation of the patch characteristics in landscape of soft sandstone area in different stages of the year 1998, 2003 and 2008 in ecological engineering plantation of seabuckthom in Shanxi, Shangxi and Inner Mongolia, it showed that there was a significant change in seabuckthorn patch of landscape.In different scales of patch size, patch number increased.For the rate of each patch size, small sized ones decreased while middle, large and super large patches increased rapidly.This demonstrated the implementation of ecological engineering of seabuckthorn plantation realized small patches into larger ones.In different stages of that, the circle index increased from 1.86 to 2.65 from 2003 to 2008, this may be explained as the outcome of higher ability of tillering of seabuckthorn.And the fractal dimension index of it increased from 1.056 6 to 1.080 2 from 2003 to 2008.in the process of seabuckthom plantation, the number and area of patches increased and had more sophisticated boundary, showing consistency with its shape indices.This sophisticated boundary was an active symbol of fast expansion of seabuckthorn forest, moreover, I also analyzed the patch characteristics of sand land, watershed, residential area, shrub, sparse vegetation area, wood, grassland, and non-cultivated land in the ecological engineering area of seabuckthorn plantation.
  • 摘要：We used olefin section to study anatomy of the leaves from 6 types of Suaeda from Tarim Basin of Xinjiang , it showed that there were different adaptive structures in the trees for salty environment where these leaves of the trees lived: (1) Three species of Suaeda, Suaeda stellatiflora, S.prostrata and S.kosinskyi having extruding growth of outer flank on epidermic cells, while that of it in S.arcuata, Suaeda rigida and S.altissima were not significantly extruding; (2) The mesophyll in the leaves of 6 species of trees were with a ring palisade shape, and there differentiated a layer of storage tissue with rare or no chloroplast for water in epidermic tissue of S.prostrate, S.kosinsky and S.arcuata; ( 3 ) The cells in palisade tissue of S.rigida were small and with more layers of cells, and that of S.kosinsky were not well-differentiated but turn into many storage tissues; (4 ) The main vein of S.rigid and 5.altissima were differentiated into a layer of cambium, but not found in other 4 species.%采用石蜡切片法观察了塔里木盆地的碱蓬属6种植物的解剖结构,表明碱蓬属6种植物具不同的适应盐生生境的结构特征:(1)星花碱蓬、平卧碱蓬与肥叶碱蓬表皮细胞外侧壁常外凸生长,五蕊碱蓬、硬枝碱蓬与高碱蓬外凸生长不明显;(2)碱蓬属6种植物叶肉为环栅型,特别的是平卧碱蓬、肥叶碱蓬与五蕊碱蓬表皮下分化出了一层不含或含极少叶绿肥体的贮藏组织;(3)硬枝碱蓬栅栏组织细胞的形态小、细胞的层数较多,而肥叶碱蓬叶肉栅栏不发达,分化出了大量的贮藏组织;(4)硬枝碱蓬与高碱蓬的主脉维管束内分化出了1层形成层而另外4种没有形成层.
  • 摘要：Villagers are natural body in management of forestry in rural community.The management results concerning forestry resources lies in the connection of ecological point of view of local ethics with their economical extent, fulfillment and effects of carrying out of national policies, and factors of the collision, absorption and communication of foreign cultures.The primitive forestry in Daqing of Luosheng Mount has experienced hundred years' land and forest property transformation however, it still preserves traditional ways of forest management at village level.In the area, there existing abundant biodiversity in forestry which has relatively intact community structure and higher volume of timber and significant ecological efficiency.We investigate this tradition based on the current forest situations of Daqing Mount in Luoshengshan area and the management mechanism in Dongping Village.We conclude that the respecting of local villagers as main body in forest management and conservation of diversity of local culture are keys in effective forest resources management in rural community.This may be conferred in confronting global wanning at the level of village community.%村民是实施农村社区森林资源管理的自然主体.森林资源的管理效果往往取决于当地村民的生态伦理观与经济利益的联系程度,相关国家政策的执行情况与效果,外来文化的碰撞、交流与吸收等因素.云南省腾冲县洞坪村罗生山大箐原始森林虽经历了百年来不同方式的土地所有制变化和林权变化,始终保持和延续着村级传统的集体管理的方式,属地内的森林物种丰富、群落结构完整、林木蓄积量高,生态效益显著.在对罗生山大箐原始森林的保存状况以及洞坪村森林资源的集体管理机制作调查的基础上,对其传统的集体管理机制进行了探讨.认为尊重村民管理森林资源的主体地位和保护地方人文多样性是对农村社区森林资源进行有效管理的关键.作为农村社区层面应对全球气候变化具有可借鉴的价值.
  • 摘要：根据国家林业局西南卫星林火监测分中心2005～2010年贵州林业卫星监测数据及相关信息的分析,对贵州省林火发生时间进行动态分析,结果表明,2009～2010年持续高温干旱,火灾发生频率较高,1～2月份进入高危火险时间,3～4月进入高峰期.分析结果为有针对性地制定防火规划提供依据.%Through analysis of data from satellite monitoring in areas of Guizhou province in 2005 ~2010 by Center for Forest Fire Monitoring of National Bureau of Forestry, it showed that owning to continuous drought and high temperature in the year of 2009 ～2010, forest fires occurring frequently and it was highly risky in January to February, and reached climax of it in March to April.The conclusion was useful in making of forest fire prevention scheme.
  • 摘要：The litter amounts and decomposition dynamics of six years ole Pinus kesiya var.langbianensis plantation in Qingshuihe of Pu' er city were studied.The results indicated that the annual litter amounts increased as the planting space became denser, the seasonal dynamics model of litter of all the studied five stands of different planting densities are all single peak type.The litter produced in March and April accounts for 68.31 ％ ～ 73.51 ％ of the total amount of the whole year.The nutrient returns from litter are closely related with the amount of litter, the nutrient return of total nitrogen and total magnesium were respectively the highest and the lowest.The return amount order of five macro-elements is N＞P＞Ca＞K＞ Mg.The litter decomposition speed in dry season is slow, while the decomposition speed in wet season is fast, the decomposition course within a year showed the regular of first-slow-then-quick , the decomposition dynamics is basic anastomotic with temperature and rainfall of the study area.%经对普洱市清水河5种不同密度6年生思茅松人工林的凋落物量及分解动态进行研究,结果表明:思茅松人工林年凋落物量随密度增大而递增;5种思茅松人工林月凋落规律相似,呈单峰型变化,在全年间,3～4月的凋落物量占全年的68.31%～73.51%,其余各月比较低;思茅松人工林凋落物归还养分的多少与凋落物量密切相关,人工林全N的归还量最高,全Mg的归还量最低,5种大量元素归还量的顺序为:N＞P＞Ca＞K＞Mg;思茅松人工林凋落物分解分两个阶段,旱季凋落物分解速度相对较慢,雨季凋落物快速分解,整个分解阶段呈现"由慢到快"的规律,年分解率受当地气温和降水的影响较大.
  • 摘要：Soil samples from 7 districts covering mountainous, half-mountainous and embankmantal area in Kunming City were randomly collected and tested for its volume weight, degree of porosity, wilting coefficient, and water-holding capacity.The results showed that the average volume weight was 1.245 4 ～ 1.439 0 g/cm3, total degree of porosity was 45.73 ％ ～51.79 ％ ; and in different areas, maximum available water content varied significantly, that was higher in embankmental area than in mountainous and half-mountainous areas, it was largest in superficial 0 ～ 20 cm thick soil.%通过对昆明7个郊县(市)的山区、半山区及坝区土壤进行随机取样,在测定土壤容重、孔隙度、凋萎系数、田间持水量等土壤水分常数的基础上,分析土壤水分常数在昆明市不同区域的变化规律.结果表明,昆明地区土壤的平均容重为1.245 4～1.439 0g/cm3,总孔隙度为45.73%～51.79%;在不同区域,土壤最大有效含水量变化明显,坝区的土壤最大有效含水量高于半山区和山区,0～20cm的表层土壤最大有效含水量较大.
  • 摘要：The seedling height and the increment of diameter at base ( DAB ) of one year old container seedlings of Dracontomelon duperreanum were used to be level standard in different level of management carried out in Nanning.We used a cluster analysis to study that level with standard of 3 levels; level I , DAB≥l.35cm and H≥52.0cm; level Ⅱ : DAB5≥1.18cm and H≥44.0cm; level Ⅲ : D ＜ 1.18cm and H ＜44.0cm.These standards were recom-manded in plantation practice.%以南宁市3个不同育苗管理水平所培育的1年生人面子容器苗为对象,以苗高和地径生长量作为其苗木质量的分级指标,采用聚类分析方法,对1年生人面子容器苗的苗木质量分级进行了研究,结合其苗木的生产实际,制定了1年生人面子容器苗苗木的3级分级标准:Ⅰ级苗,D≥1.35 cm,H≥52.0 cm;Ⅱ级苗,D≥1.18cm,H≥44.0 cm;Ⅲ级苗,D＜1.18 cm,H＜44.0 cm.此标准可供苗木生产部门参考.
  • 摘要：Through the experiment of self-pollination, cross-pollination and artificial pollination with different a-mount of pollen, we analyzed the relationship of the success rate of pollination, formation rate of pod and pod number with different ways of pollination.It showed that the fruiting rate and pod formation rate from self-pollination was 13.74％ , which was higher than that from cross-pollination, and the average length of pod and weight variation were 0.51 cm and 1.29g respectively.Moreover, the successful pollination rate and fruiting rate were higher than cross-pollination, as pollination rate increased, the rate of failed pod and fruiting rate, and pod formation rate increased.%通过对香荚兰自花授粉、异花授粉以及不同花粉量的授粉实验,分析了授粉成功率、落荚率和果荚生长量与授粉方式的关系.结果表明:自花授粉挂果率和果荚生长量均优于异花授粉,挂果率差异高达13.74%,果荚平均长和重差异分别为0.51 cm、1.29g,且授粉成功率和挂果率均较异花授粉高;随授粉量的增加,落荚率降低,挂果率增高,果荚生长量增加.
  • 摘要：The photosynthetic characteristics of 4 dominant trees, Castanopsis fargesii, Schima superb, Lithocarpus glaber, and Castanopsis sclerophylla, which consisted of sub climax succession in evergreen broadleaf forestry in Tiantong Mount in Zhejiang, were studied.We analyzed the photosynthetic response curve, light compensation point and light saturation point, CO2 compensation point, daily photosynthesis change, transpiration and water utilization rate in the seedlings, saplings and adult trees of aforementioned four types of trees.By analysis and comparison of these indices, we asserted the photosynthetic characteristics of these dominant evergreen broadleaf trees might reflect the important roles these trees played in the succession of community.We found that the tree of Castanopsis fargesii was mostly adopted to the climax community structure among the four types of trees by having lowest C02 compensation point, excellent water utilization ability and perfect self-conservation in light inhibition condition, thus it had become dominant species in the community of evergreen broadleaf forestry in Tiantong Mount.%对浙江天童山常绿阔叶林组成亚顶级群落的4个优势树种:栲树、木荷、石栎、苦槠的光合生理特性进行了研究.对此4个优势树种幼苗、幼树、成年树等生长阶段的光合响应曲线及其光补偿点和光饱和点、CO2补偿点、光合作用日变化曲线、蒸腾作用和水分利用率等进行了测定,对比分析了优势树种光合生理生态特性及其在天童山常绿阔叶林群落演替过程中的重要作用.结果发现栲树具有最低的光和CO2补偿点、优良的水分利用性能,完善的光抑制自我保护机制,幼苗适应弱光环境且代谢旺盛而利于更新,在4个优势树种中最适应于顶级群落的特殊生境,因此成为了天童山常绿阔叶林自然演替顶级群落中重要值最大的优势种.
  • 摘要：2010年6～8月在广西大学苗圃地,通过对灰木莲幼苗在盐分胁迫下生长与生理指标的测定试验,结果表明,不同程度的盐分胁迫对灰木莲苗高和地径生长量、叶片膜透性、MDA含量、脯氨酸含量等生理指标的影响达到显著水平.灰木莲的苗高和地径的增长量随着盐分浓度的增加而减少;叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量、脯氨酸含量随着盐分浓度的增加而增加,当NaCl溶液浓度大于等于0.6%时,叶片膜透性、MDA摩尔浓度、SOD含量与对照相比有显著性增加;可溶性糖含量随着浓度的增大呈先增加后减少的趋势;由以上研究得出灰木莲苗木具有一定的耐盐性.%Through assay of the physiological indices of Manglietia glauca seedlings under salt stress in June to August in 2010, it was shown that the variance of the indices of seedling height, diameter at base, permeability of leaf membrane, content of MDA, and content of proline were significant under different extent of salt stress.The growth rate of seedlings and diameter at base of the tree decreased as salt concentration increased; while that of permeability of leaf membrane, MDA, SOD, and content of proline increased.When the concentration of NaCl was 0.6％ or larger, permeability of leaf membrane, MDA, SOD, and content of proline varied significantly to control; and the concentration of soluble sugar had a tendency of initially increasing then decreasing.We conclude thus that the tree of Manglietia glauca was salt tolerant.
  • 摘要：以长寿花嫩叶片为外植体,进行了不同灭菌时间对长寿花嫩叶片再生能力的影响实验,不同培养基对长寿花嫩叶片愈伤组织诱导及不定芽生根的影响实验.实验结果表明,长寿花嫩叶片的最佳消毒方法为,75%酒精灭菌30 s,无菌水冲洗4次,再用0.1%升汞消毒12 min,最后无菌水冲洗7次;长寿花嫩叶片的最佳分化培养基为MS+6-BA3.5 mg/L+NAA0.2 mg/L;长寿花不定芽在1/2MS+IBA 0.15 mg/L+6-BA 0.15 mg/L上生根效果最好.通过实验获得了长寿花嫩叶片的组培技术,为大规模生产长寿花提供了相关技术支撑.%Using explant from seedling leaf of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana, the regeneration ability of the leaf of Kalanchoe blossfeldiana was tested under different duration of sterilization, and effect of induction for the formation of callus and adventive root in different types of culture.It showed that best way of sterilization was sterilizing the tissues in 75％ ethanol for 30 seconds, washing 4 times with disinfection water, then in 0.1％ mercury bichloride for 12 minutes and washing with disinfection water for 7 times; best culture for the differentiation of seedling leaf was MS +6 - BA3.5 mg/L + NAAO.2 mg/L; and the formation of callus and adventive root were better in the culture of 1/2MS + IBA 0.15mg/L+6-BA0.15mg/L.
  • 摘要：2005年12月在昆明呈贡七甸进行美国黑樱桃与冬樱花生长量及适应性对比试验,通过4年的观测试验结果表明:美国黑樱桃的平均树高、平均地径和平均冠幅生长量均大于冬樱花,美国黑樱桃和冬樱花的树高生长和冠幅生长差异显著,但地径生长差异较小.冬樱花在2009年3月14日的特大晚霜中所有植株梢头严重受冻,而美国黑樱桃未受冻害,美国黑樱桃的抗霜冻能力显著优于冬樱花.%An experiment of adaptation and growth of Prunus cerasoides and P.serotjna was carried out in Qidian of Chenggong of Kunming City in December 2005.After 4 years' observation, it showed that the average tree height, average diameter at base and average canopy increment of P.serotjna were larger than that of P.cerasoides.There was significant variation between both type of trees in height and canopy increment, but not so with diameter at base increment.The trees of P.cerasoides suffered severe freeze injury in 14, March 2009, but that of P.serotjna escaped from it, showing better resistance to coldness.
  • 摘要：By a whole scale combustion experiment with wood pile of Pinus sylvestris var. Mongolica, we studied the characteristics of temperature field when wood pile burning, and analyzed the effects of sizes of wood pile and wind speed on variation in temperature field. It showed that the temperature in wood pile might reach as high as 900 ℃ when it was burning. Under the condition of equal distance from the facet studied to wood pile, the temperatures varied greatest in the facet perpendicular to the direction of wind flow. Larger size of wood pile and faster wind speed might accelerate the rate of combustion so that it made faster increment in environmental temperature. These results could provide information to fire fighting and rescue, and computer simulation of wood pile combustion.%通过对樟子松原木楞堆进行室外燃烧试验,研究楞堆燃烧时的温度场特性,分析原木楞堆体积和风速对环境温度场变化的影响.试验结果表明,在燃烧过程中,楞堆温度可达900℃;对于环境温度场来说,在所有研 究平面与楞堆距离相等的情况下,与风流动方向垂直的平面温度变化最大.较大的楞堆体积和较快的风速会加速楞堆的燃烧速度,从而使周围环境温度上升较快.研究结果为贮木场火灾消防援救和计算机模拟提供依据.
  • 摘要：2008年4月至2010年6月采用时间序列代替空间序列的方法,对宝天曼栎类森林生态系统服务功能受地表火影响在不同时间的涵养水源、保育土壤、固碳释氧、生物保育、积累营养物质、负离子提供和森林病虫害防治等7个方面进行了初步评估.结果表明,地表火干扰造成宝天曼栎类森林生态系统服务功能损失的价值在时间序列上依次为1年是24.95万元·hm-2,5年是11.68万元·hm-2,10年是4.91万元·hm-2,15年是0.68万元·hm-2;各项服务功能价值量损失排序为保育土壤＞涵养水源＞病虫害防治＞固碳释氧＞积累营养物质＞净化大气＞生物保育,其中保育土壤和涵养水源两项的损失占总损失量的70％左右,这表明地表火主要影响宝天曼栎类森林生态系统中的保育土壤和涵养水源功能.%We evaluated the role of oak in ecosystem services by way of replacing space series to time series to study that of it in water and soil reservation, carbon fixation and oxygen release, biological breeding, nutrient accumulation , anion provision and pest and disease management after fire. We concluded that the losses from fire were 249 500 RMB/hm2 in one year, 116 800 RMB/hm2 in five years, 49 100 RMB/hm2 in ten years, and 6 800 RMB/hm2 in fifteen years; And its rank was soil reservation > water reservation > damages from pest and disease > carbon fixation > nutrient accumulation > air cleansing > biological breeding. Among them, the losses from soil and water reservation occupied 70 % of all. This conclusion demonstrated that fire played major role in affecting ecological services with soil and water reservation in Baotianman Areas.
  • 摘要：In order to find out factors affecting the survival rate of seedlings in afforestation in dry valley area in Yuanjiang of Yunnan Province, we carried out experiments with 3 treatments of Pt mycorrhiza preparation, drought stress, and Pt + drought. After measuring the morphological indices of seedling height, diameter at base, ratio of H/DB, biomass in addition with physiological indices of content of chlorophyll, activity of SOD enzyme and content of soluble sugar, then we compared the resistance of the seedlings in the treatments. The survival rate of seedlings at 6 months old in the treatments was counted and their growth situation was recorded. The results showed that as the more Pt used, the H/DB and the biomass ratio of that below and above ground surface gradually decreased, while the activity of SOD enzyme and content of soluble sugar increased, and these resulted in strengthening of resistance. The effects of drought and Pt could be additive. We recommanded that Pt 10 + drought stress being highest survival rate of the seedlings.%为了提高大叶相思幼苗在干热河谷地区造林的成活率,2008年在元江通过对其幼苗分别进行不同剂量的Pt菌剂、干旱胁迫和Pt菌剂+干旱胁迫处理,测定出圃幼苗的苗高、地径、高径比、生物量等形态指标和叶绿素、可溶性糖含量及SOD酶活性等生理指标,并比较其抗逆性,同时对不同培育措施出圃幼苗造林6个月时的成活率和生长状况进行测定与比较.结果表明:随着Pt菌剂的使用量增加,大叶相思出圃苗木的高径比和地上部分和地下部分生物量的比值逐渐降低,SOD酶活性和可溶性糖含量逐渐增加,因而出圃幼苗的抗逆性增强;干旱胁迫和Pt菌剂的作用效果可以叠加.Pt菌剂10 g+干旱胁迫大叶相思的处理效果最佳,成活率最高.
  • 摘要：In October to November 2010, a survey was carried out for tree species in afforestation of city garden by a combined group from Forest Bureau of Jinghong City and Institute of Tropical Forestry of Yunnan Academy of Forestry. We found 52 families, 151 genera and 198 species of the trees in the garden afforestation in urban areas of Jinghong City. Among them, palmaceae plants were most popular and having 16 genera, 23 species and 27695 individual trees. The second was Moraceae plants with 5 genera and 19 species, 11 845 individual trees. We evaluated the general growth of these trees and found 161 species be excellent in growth.%2010年10～11月,由景洪市林业局和云南省林业科学院热带林业研究所共同组成的调查组对景洪市城区庭院绿化乔木树种进行了调查,结果表明:景洪市城区庭院现有乔木树种52科151属198种,57 497株,其中以棕榈科最多,有16属23种,27 695株;其次是桑科有5属19种,11 845株.并对这些树种的生长表现进行了初步评价,其中生长表现优良的有161种.研究结果为景洪市开展园林绿化工作选择树种提供参考.
  • 摘要：通过对宝鸡金台森林公园的调查,分析了其空间结构存在的问题,提出了优化措施,研究结果表明,金台森林公园兼有森林旅游和城市旅游的双重特征;与一般森林公园相比,因为与城市的地缘关系而成为城市居民重要的旅游、游憩空间,其旅游空间规划应在重视森林公园自然生态景观的基础上,重点关注城市居民的旅游需要.旅游空间结构优化主要包括旅游者行为空间、文化空间、生态空间和深度体验空间.%Through the investigation to Jintai Forest Park of Baoji City, I analyzed its structure of tourist space and the problems, then proposed method of improvement. There were double characteristics of forest and city tourism as to tourist park; compared to ordinary parks, such parks as of Jintai Forest Park, was important for city residents to be tourist and resting space owning to its adjacent to urban area. Thus its program for tourism should put the emphasis on natural landscape to satisfy the tourist need of city residents. The tourist space improvement included demand of space on tourist behavior, culture and in depth perception of experience.
  • 摘要：We carried out a systematic survey to forestry in Shangri-la County May-October 2010. In this paper, we analyzed the types of the forests and the basic characteristics of 8 formations of main forest types in sub - alpine area of Shangri-la County and their distributions. Then we proposed the problems of the conservation of the subalpine coniferous forests and their ecological re-construction.%2010年5～10月通过对香格里拉主要森林类型进行系统调查,分析了亚高山针叶林在本区的地位,论述了香格里拉县亚高山针叶林8个群系的基本特征及分布,提出亚高山针叶林保护及植被恢复重建面临的生态问题.
  • 摘要：通过松实小卷蛾雄蛾对(E) -2 -癸烯醛、(E) -2-十二碳烯醛、(E,E) -2,4-癸二烯醛和(E,E)-2,4-十二碳二烯醛4个化合物的室内行为反应实验.结果表明,4个化合物都可在一定程度上引起松实小卷蛾雄蛾的兴奋、起飞、定向飞行等反应;松实小卷蛾雄蛾对(E,E) -2,4-癸二烯醛的反应最为强烈,是松实小卷蛾信息素的关键组分,其余3个化合物也是其信息素中不可或缺的组分.能够引起松实小卷蛾雄蛾明显行为反应的最低刺激量为0.01 μg.%The effects of some unsaturated aldehyde, I. E. (E) -2-decenal, (E) - 2 - dodecenal, (E, E) -2, 4 - decadienal and (E, E) - 2, 4 -dodecadienal on the behavior of female adult of Retinia cristata were studied in room conditions. The results showed that the four chemicals might be able to cause excitement, takeoff and directional flying of the insect; among 4 chemicals (E, E) -2, 4 -decadienal caused strongest reaction, demonstrating it was key component of pheromone of the insect, nevertheless other 3 chemicals were indispensable in it. The threshold of causing the reactions was 0. 01 μg of the chemicals.
  • 摘要：以豫杂一号泡桐健壮组培苗为研究材料,从低温锻炼时间、预处理时间、装载液处理时间、玻璃化液处理时间及液氮保存时间5个方面研究其茎尖玻璃化法超低温保存方法.结果表明,豫杂一号泡桐茎尖玻璃化法超低温适宜的保存方法为,2 cm的茎尖在附加0.4 mol·L-1甘油和0.3 mol· L-1蔗糖的MS培养基上预培养2天,然后剥取2～3 mm的茎尖,用装载液(MS +2 mol· L-1甘油+0.4 mol·L-1蔗糖)装载60 min,再用玻璃化溶液(PVS2)于0℃下处理1.5h,换1次玻璃化溶液后迅速投入液氮,保存1h后于40℃水浴中化冻70 s,再转到室温下用去装载液(MS+ 1.2 mol·L-1蔗糖)洗涤2次,每次10 min.以TTC法检测,豫杂一号泡桐茎尖成活率最高可达85.74％,保存效果较好.%The tissue of stem tip of Paulownia tomentosa × P. Fortunei was used to study its cryopreservation method in duration of exercise of it in low temperatures, duration of pre-disposal, duration of loading solution, disposal duration of vitrified solution and duration of it in liquid nitrogen. It showed that proper disposal of that would be by putting the tissue of 2cm long on the surface of MS culture with additional 0.4 mol · L-1 glycerol and 0. 3 mol · L-1 sucrose, cultivated for 2 days, then taking the tissue of about 2～3 cm into loading solution (MS + 2 mol · L-1 glycerol +0. 4 mol · L-1 sucrose) for 60 minutes, then in PVS2 for 1. 5 h under 0 ℃, after changing the solution once more and immediately put it into liquid nitrogen for 1 h then thawing in 40 ℃ water both for 70 seconds. Washing it 2 times with de-loading solution (MS + 1.2 mol · L-1 sucrose), each lasting for 10 min. By this method, the tissue' s survival rate reached 85. 74% after detecting it with TTC method.
  • 摘要：We identified 5 excellent clones of Eucalyptus tree with ISSR marker, by amplifing 75 markers from primers of 6 inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR), among them 63 were polymorphic bands and this rate were 84% of all of them. In spite of similar bands shown in that of clones of GLGU9 and DH32 - 29 so they were not able to effectively discerned, other clones were easily identified owning to distinct diverse ISSR mapping, so this may be used for the identification of the clones of Eucalyptus trees. By using the polymorphic ISSR marker to analyze the genetic relationships of the 5 excellent clones of Eucalyptus tree, we found that the longest genetic distance among them was that of XDI and GLSE9, which was 0. 667.%利用ISSR标记方法对5个桉树优良无性系进行了鉴定,结果表明:来源于5个桉树无性系的6个ISSR引物共扩增出75个标记,其中63个为多态性标记,多态性比率为84.0％.除广林巨尾桉9号(GLGU9)和尾巨桉32-29 (DH32 - 29)带型基本一致,不能进行有效区分外,其他桉树优良无性系间的ISSR图谱差异均较大,易于区分,可用于桉树无性系的鉴定.利用具有多态性的ISSR标记,对5个桉树优良无性系的亲缘关系进行了分析,遗传距离最远的是湘邓1号( XD1)和广林柳窿桉9号(GLSE9),它们之间的遗传距离为0.667.
  • 摘要：2009年通过对云南省油茶的主产区文山州富宁县复选的139株油茶单株的果实三径均值、果形系数、平均单果重、平均单果籽实重、平均单果果皮重、鲜果出籽率、冠幅单位面积鲜果产量、冠幅单位面积鲜籽产量、出仁率等17个指标进行调查,对其变量因子进行平均正交旋转后确定主成分因子,对主成分因子选取果实三径均值、果形系数、平均单果重、鲜果出籽率、冠幅单位面积鲜籽产量、出仁率建立回归方程y=0.358X1+3.695X2 +0.064X3 +0.05X6 +0.388X8 +0.022X9 - 10.616.依据回归方程计算综合评分值,结合含油率指标,确定优树选择指标,采用聚类分析,选取了32#、111#、113#、123#、121#、31#、25#、39#、1 10#、5#、58#相对样本群体具有明显增益的11株优良单株,并对其各项指标做出了综合分析.分析结果对云南省油茶良种的多指标综合选育具有一定的参考价值.%A preliminary selection for excellent Camellia oleifera of 139 individuals with indices of their diameter at three axes, coefficient of fruit shape, average weight of single fruit, average seed weight from single fruit, average weight of fruit pericarp, seed rate from fresh fruit, fresh fruit output from unit area of canopy, fresh seed output from unit area of canopy and nutlet rate. We analyzed these indices with principal component analysis with the parameters from characteristics above. We obtained a regression equation as Y = 0. 358X1 + 3. 695X2 + 0. 064X3 + 0. 05X6 +0. 388X8 +0. 022X9, - 10. 616. From the evaluation from the equation and in addition to the index of oil rate of the tree, we determined 11 individuals (including 32#、111#、 113#、 123#、 121#、 31#、 25#、 39#、 110#、 5#、 58#、) to be excellent trees with obvious better performance.
  • 摘要：We surveyed 40 transects in April 2007, to analyze the age structure, tree height, spatial pattern of Manglietia hookeri tree in plots of Longchuan County of Dehong Prefecture. Its life table and survival rate curve were made in accordance with the results. It showed that the population had more individuals of adult trees but less in saplings, which appeared as declining tendency; the individuals of same size class appeared evenly in height and continuous. Its spatial pattern was stochastic in the plots. It could be divided into 4 stages in the population from seedling to adult. Among them, the mortality in seedlings and adults were low but high in saplings and senile trees.%2007年4月通过对云南省德宏州陇川县内40块样地的调查,分析了中缅木莲的年龄结构、高度结构、空间分布格局,编制了特定时间生命表,绘制了存活曲线.结果表明:中缅木莲成年个体数较多,幼年植物个体较少,居群属衰退型居群;个体高度发育,较为连续;其空间分布格局表现为随机分布;从幼苗生长到树木死亡分4个阶段,其幼树、成树阶段死亡率较低,幼苗、老树阶段死亡率较高.
  • 摘要：The mineral elements in leaf fertilizer, boron, calcium, cuprum, iron, magnesium, manganese and zinc were tested with spectroscopic methodology of plasma emission (ICP - AES method) and their effects on plants. It showed that this method was satisfied with its correctness and high degree of precision. The standard percent recoveries were between 98. 89% to 104. 36% , and their RSD were 0. 78% to 1. 74% to all 7 elements tested in the leaf fertilizer. Compared to the methodology of GB/T 17420 - 1998, this methodology was easy to manipulate , shorter time to obtain results and reliable.%采用等离子发射光谱法即ICP - AES法测定叶面肥中的硼、钙、铜、铁、镁、锰、锌等7种矿质元素含量,并对其测定效应作了分析.结果表明:该方法具有良好的准确度及精密度.其各矿质元素的加标回收率为98.89％～104.36％,标准偏差(RSD)为0.78％～1.74％.与国标GB/T 17420 - 1998方法的测定结果相比较,该方法操作简便,测试时间短,数据可靠.

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