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首页> 外文期刊>Ecological research >Increased brown bear predation on sika deer fawns following a deer population irruption in eastern Hokkaido, Japan
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Increased brown bear predation on sika deer fawns following a deer population irruption in eastern Hokkaido, Japan

机译：日本北海道东部鹿群入侵后，梅花鹿小鹿的棕熊被捕食增加

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摘要

By the 1970s, brown bears (Ursus arctos) in Hokkaido, northern Japan, were opportunistic omni-vores that mainly depended on plant materials. Because the sika deer (Cervus nippon) population irrupted in eastern Hokkaido in the 1990s, we expected that brown bears might prey on sika deer fawns. First, we developed a simple and cost-effective method of monitoring possible bear predation on deer fawns by analyzing the widths of deer hairs remained in bear scats. Based on hair thickness standards, we distinguished the brown bear consumption of deer fawns from adults by analyzing bear scats (n = 108) collected during the deer birthing season (late May-late July) in 1999-2008. To evaluate the importance of fawns to bears, we compared the occurrence of fawn and adult deer hairs in bear scats among three periods (I, 1999-2000; II, 2003-2005; III, 2006-2008) in eastern Hokkaido. The occurrence of fawn hairs in bear scats increased from 12.5 to 27.3 % in volume and from 6.3 to 33.6 % in frequency from period I to period III, whereas adult hairs in scats decreased from 42.8 to 26.1 % in volume and from 34.4 to 22.7 % in frequency during the same time. These data suggest that bears increasingly preyed on deer fawns after the deer population irruption and decreasingly used adult carcasses because of the enforcement of deer carcass treatment by the Hokkaido government.
机译：到1970年代，日本北部北海道的棕熊（Ursus arctos）是机会性杂食动物，主要依靠植物材料。由于1990年代北海道东部的梅花鹿（Cervus nippon）种群数量激增，我们预计棕熊可能会捕食梅花鹿小鹿。首先，我们通过分析残留在熊粪中的鹿毛的宽度，开发了一种简单且经济高效的方法来监视对鹿小鹿的可能的熊捕食。基于头发厚度标准，我们通过分析在1999-2008年鹿出生季节（5月下旬至7月下旬）收集的熊粪（n = 108）来区分成年的鹿小鹿的棕熊消费量。为了评估小鹿对熊的重要性，我们比较了北海道东部三个时期（一期，1999-2000年；二期，2003-2005年；三期，2006-2008年）小熊和小鹿成年鹿毛的发生率。从第一阶段到第三阶段，熊粪中的小鹿毛发生率从12.5％增加到27.3％，频率从6.3％增加到33.6％，而粪便中成年毛发的发生率从4​​2.8％减少到26.1％，从34.4％减少到22.7％。在同一时间的频率。这些数据表明，由于北海道政府对鹿cas体的处理，在鹿群入侵后，熊越来越多地以鹿小鹿为食，成年cas体的使用减少。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2012年第5期|p.849-855|共7页
  • 作者

    Kyoko Kobayashi; Yoshikazu Sato; Koichi Kaji;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Symbiotic Science of Environment and Natural Resources, United Graduate School of Agricultural Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan;

    Department of Forest Science and Resources, College of Bioresource Sciences, Nihon University, Fujisawa 252-8510, Japan;

    Faculty of Agriculture, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Fuchu 183-8509, Japan;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    cervus nippon; predation; neonates; food habit; ursus arctos;

    机译：日本宫颈;掠夺新生儿饮食习惯ursus arctos;

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