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Shipment and storage effects on the terminal velocity of seeds

机译：运输和储存对种子终末速度的影响

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摘要

Mechanistic models of seed dispersal by wind include terminal velocity as the main seed characteristic that influences the dispersal process and hence the resulting dispersal kernels and spread rates. Accurate measurement of the terminal velocity of seeds is therefore pivotal. However, compression during shipment through the post or during storage between collection in the field and terminal velocity measurements in the lab may affect these measurements. To evaluate the effects of shipment and storage on terminal velocity measurements, capitula of Carduus nutans, an invasive thistle species from Eurasia, were stored for 1-5 years and subjected to three different packing treatments. Seeds from capitula were then assessed for terminal velocity values, plume area, seed mass, wing loading, number of filaments per pappus, qualitative assessments of pappus damage, and number of intact dispersal units per capitulum. Compression significantly increased seed terminal velocity. However, storage duration for 1-5 years did not cause a significant increase or decrease in any of the response variables. The compression treatment was validated by shipment of seeds from New Zealand to the United States. When capitula that are to be used for terminal velocity measurements are stored or shipped, they should be packaged in incompressible containers to avoidrndamage to the fragile dispersal structures. Studies using capitula that were originally collected and stored for other purposes, such as transcontinental demographic studies, should rescale observed terminal velocity values to take into account possible damage.
机译：种子通过风传播的机理模型包括终端速度是影响种子传播过程的主要种子特征，从而影响种子的传播核心和传播速度。因此，准确测量种子的终极速度至关重要。但是，在通过柱子运送期间或在野外收集和实验室中的最终速度测量之间的存储过程中，压缩可能会影响这些测量。为了评估运输和存储对终极速度测量的影响，将来自欧亚大陆的一种入侵性蓟马Carduus nutans的头状动物存放了1-5年，并进行了三种不同的包装处理。然后评估来自头it的种子的终极速度值，羽面积，种子质量，机翼负荷，每个巴布斯的细丝数量，对巴布斯损伤的定性评估以及每个头皮完整散布单位的数量。压缩显着提高了种子末端速度。但是，存储1-5年的时间不会导致任何响应变量的显着增加或减少。通过将种子从新西兰运到美国来验证压缩处理。当储存或运输用于终端速度测量的头罩时，应将其包装在不可压缩的容器中，以免损坏易碎的分散结构。使用capitula的研究最初是为其他目的而收集和存储的，例如跨大陆人口统计学研究，应该重新调整观测到的终端速度值，以考虑到可能的损害。

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  • 来源
    《Ecological research》 |2010年第1期|83-92|共10页
  • 作者

    Katherine M. Marchetto; Eelke Jongejans; Matthew L. Jennis; Emily M. Haner; Caitlin T. Sullivan; Dave Kelly; Katriona Shea;

  • 作者单位

    Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;

    Department of Experimental Plant Ecology, Radboud University Nijmegen, Heyendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ Nijmegen, The Netherlands;

    Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;

    Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;

    Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;

    School of Biological Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, New Zealand;

    Department of Biology and IGDP in Ecology, The Pennsylvania State University, 208 Mueller Laboratory, University Park, PA 16802, USA;

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  • 正文语种 eng
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  • 关键词

    carduus nutans; damage; pappus filaments; seed dispersal by wind; terminal velocity;

    机译：坚果仁;损伤;乳头丝种子通过风散播;终极速度;

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