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Molecular genetic approaches to elucidate the ecological and evolutionary issues associated with biological invasions

机译:分子遗传学方法阐明与生物入侵有关的生态和进化问题

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摘要

Biological invasions may cause serious damage to the native environments and threaten the native biodiversity. Molecular genetic approaches have been found to be powerful tools for investigating the ecological and evolutionary aspects of biological invasions because the genetic structure and level of genetic variation of an invasive species are changed following its invasion. The present article reviews the use of molecular markers in addressing various aspects of invasive species. The application of these techniques has shown that many invasive species are actually "cryptic" species - species whose uniqueness is only recognizable at the genetic level. An estimation of the actual number of invasive species is essential when evaluating its ecological and economic impacts. Molecular genetic approaches have also enabled the source populations of invasive species to be identified. Reconstructions of invasion histories are crucial to preventing future invasions and conserving the native biodiversity, while comparisons of genetic variations between the native and introduced populations provide valuable opportunities to elucidate the mechanisms of rapid adaptation demonstrated by many invasive species.
机译:生物入侵可能会严重破坏本地环境并威胁本地生物多样性。已经发现分子遗传学方法是研究生物入侵的生态和进化方面的有力工具,因为入侵物种的遗传结构和遗传变异水平随入侵而改变。本文概述了分子标记在解决入侵物种各个方面的用途。这些技术的应用表明,许多入侵物种实际上是“隐性”物种-其唯一性只能在遗传水平上被识别。在评估其生态和经济影响时,估计入侵物种的实际数量至关重要。分子遗传学方法也使入侵物种的来源种群得以识别。入侵历史的重建对于防止未来的入侵和保护本地生物多样性至关重要,而对本地种群和引进种群之间遗传变异的比较提供了宝贵的机会,可以阐明许多入侵物种所表现出的快速适应机制。

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