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Coexistence of competitive species with a stage-structured life cycle

机译：具有阶段结构的生命周期的竞争物种共存

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摘要

Ecological theory provides explanations for exclusion or coexistence of competing species. Most theoretical works on competition dynamics that have shaped current perspectives on coexistence assume a simple life cycle. This simplification, however, may omit important realities. We present a simple two-stage structured competition model to investigate the effects of life-history characteristics on coexistence. The achievement and the stability of coexistence depend not only on competition coefficients but also on a set of life-history parameters that reflect the viability of an individual, namely, adult death rate, maturation rate, and birth rate. High individual viability is necessary for a species to persist, but it does not necessarily facilitate coexistence. Intense competition at the juvenile or adult stage may require higher or lower viability, respectively, for stable coexistence to be possible. The stability mechanism can be explained by the refuge effect of the less competitive stage, and the birth performance, which preserves the less competitive stage as a refuge. Coexistence might readily collapse if the life-history characteristics, which together constitute individual viability, change, even though two species have an inherent competitive relation conducive to stable coexistence.
机译：生态理论为竞争物种的排斥或共存提供了解释。塑造当前共存观点的大多数有关竞争动力学的理论著作都假设一个简单的生命周期。但是，这种简化可能会忽略重要的现实。我们提出了一个简单的两阶段结构化竞争模型，以研究生活史特征对共存的影响。共存的成就和稳定性不仅取决于竞争系数，还取决于反映个人生存能力的一组生活史参数，即成年死亡率，成熟率和出生率。高的个体生存力对于一个物种而言是必需的，但是并不一定促进共存。在少年或成年阶段的激烈竞争中，可能需要更高或更低的生存力，才能实现稳定的共存。稳定性机制可以通过竞争较少的阶段的避难所效果和生育性能来解释，而生育表现可以保留竞争较弱的阶段作为避难所。如果共同构成个人生存能力的生活史特征发生变化，即使两个物种具有有助于稳定共存的内在竞争关系，共存也可能容易崩溃。

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