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Information technology outsourcing and firm productivity: eliminating bias from selective missingness in the dependent variable

机译:信息技术外包和坚定的生产力:消除依赖变量​​中选择性缺失的偏差

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摘要

Missing values are a major problem in all econometric applications based on survey data. A standard approach assumes data are missing at random and uses imputation methods or even listwise deletion. This approach is justified if item nonresponse does not depend on the potentially missing variables' realization. However, assuming missingness at random may introduce bias if nonresponse is, in fact, selective. Relevant applications range from financial or strategic firm-level data to individual-level data on income or privacy-sensitive behaviors. In this paper, we propose a novel approach to deal with selective item nonresponse in the model's dependent variable. Our approach is based on instrumental variables that affect selection only through a partially observed outcome variable. In addition, we allow for endogenous regressors. We establish identification of the structural parameter and propose a simple two-step estimation procedure for it. Our estimator is consistent and robust against biases that would prevail when assuming missingness at random. We implement the estimation procedure using firm-level survey data and a binary instrumental variable to estimate the effect of outsourcing on productivity.
机译:缺失的值是基于调查数据的所有计量应用程序的主要问题。标准方法假定数据随机缺少,并使用归纳方法甚至哈丁删除。如果项目非响应不依赖于可能缺少的变量的实现,则此方法是合理的。然而,假设随机失踪可能会引入偏差,实际上是选择性的。相关应用范围从财务或战略公司级别数据到收入或隐私敏感行为的个人级别数据。在本文中,我们提出了一种新的方法来处理模型的依赖变量中的选择性项目非响应。我们的方法基于仅通过部分观察结果变量影响选择的乐器变量。此外,我们允许内源性回归流器。我们建立了结构参数的识别,并提出了一种简单的两步估计程序。我们的估算器是一致的,抗偏差是持续的,当假设随机缺失时会占上风。我们使用公司级调查数据和二进制乐器变量实现估算程序,以估算外包对生产力的影响。

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