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What's Cooking?

机译：煮什么？

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You are what you eat, or so the saying goes. But Richard Wrangham, of Harvard University, believes that this is true in a more profound sense than the one implied by the old proverb. It is not just you who are what you eat, but the entire human species. And with Homo sapiens, what makes the species unique in Dr Wrangham's opinion is that its food is so often cooked.rnCooking is a human universal. No society is without it. No one other than a few faddists tries to survive on raw food alone. And the consumption of a cooked meal in the evening, usually in the company of family and friends, is normal in every known society. Moreover, without cooking, the human brain (which consumes 20-25% of the body's energy) could not keep running. Dr Wrangham thus believes that cooking and humanity are coeval.rnIn fact, as he outlined to the American Association for the Advancement of Science (aaas), in Chicago, he thinks that cooking and other forms of preparing food are humanity's "killer app": the evolutionary change that underpins all of the other-and subsequent-changes that have made people such unusual animals.rnHumans became human, as it were, with the emergence 1.8m years ago of a species called Homo erectus. This had arnskeleton much like modern man's-a big, brain-filled skull and a narrow pelvis and rib cage, which imply a small abdomen and thus a small gut. Hitherto, the explanation for this shift from the smaller skulls and wider pelvises of man's apelike ancestors has been a shift from a vegetable-based diet to a meat-based one. Meat has more calories than plant matter, the theory went. A smaller gut could therefore support a larger brain.
机译：你就是你吃的东西，或者俗话说。但是哈佛大学的理查德·朗厄姆（Richard Wrangham）认为，这比旧谚语所暗示的意义更深刻。吃的不仅是您，而是整个人类。对于智人来说，使这个物种与众不同的原因是弗朗厄姆博士认为它的食物经常被煮熟。烹饪是人类的普遍生活。没有社会没有它。除了少数时尚主义者以外，没有人试图仅靠生食生存。在每个已知的社会中，通常在家人和朋友的陪伴下，晚上食用熟食是正常的。此外，如果不做饭，人脑（消耗身体20％至25％的能量）将无法保持运转。因此，Wrangham博士认为烹饪和人类是同等重要的。事实上，正如他在芝加哥向美国科学促进协会（aaas）概述的那样，他认为烹饪和其他形式的食物烹制是人类的“杀手级应用”：进化的变化支撑了所有其他的变化以及后来的变化，使人们成为了非同寻常的动物。人类在180万年前出现了一种名为直立人的物种后就变成了人类。它的骨骼肌很像现代人，一个大的，充满大脑的头骨，一个狭窄的骨盆和肋骨笼，暗示着小腹部，因此肠子很小。迄今为止，这种从人类猿类祖先的较小的头骨和较宽的骨盆转变的解释是从以蔬菜为基础的饮食向以肉类为基础的饮食转变。理论认为，肉比植物的卡路里更多。因此，较小的肠道可以支撑较大的大脑。

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    《The economist》 |2009年第8619期|80-81|共2页
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