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Patterns Of Evolution

机译:进化模式

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Why do honeycombs have hexagonal cells? Why are the florets in a sunflower arranged in a double spiral? In medieval times, these questions would have been met with a simple answer. God established the heavens, setting "a compass on the face of the deep", leaving evidence of His presence in all creation. Most scientists today would rather invoke Charles Darwin to explain these patterns as products of evolution. They emerged from myriad possible shapes through natural selection. In other words, they are particularly suited to the task at hand.rnPhilip Ball, a British science writer, sets out to document the current understanding of what caused nature's multifarious shapes. Is it just evolution or are there physical and chemical forces at work? One of Mr Ball's heroes is Sir D'Arcy Went-worth Thompson, a Scottish biologist and polymath, who in 1917 wrote "On Growth and Form". This mammoth and erudite tome, the first formal attempt to analyse patterns and shapes in nature, was described by a colleague, Sir Peter Medawar, as "the finest work of literature in all the annals of science that have been recorded in the English tongue." Yet it was a difficult task, and Thompson never quite achieved the results he hoped for.
机译:蜂窝为什么有六角形细胞?为什么向日葵中的小花成双螺旋状排列?在中世纪,这些问题会得到一个简单的答案。上帝建立了天堂,在“深处的脸庞上设置了指南针”,留下了祂在所有造物中的存在的证据。如今,大多数科学家宁愿调用查尔斯·达尔文(Charles Darwin)将这些模式解释为进化的产物。通过自然选择,它们从各种可能的形状中脱颖而出。换句话说,它们特别适合手头的任务。英国科学作家菲利普·鲍尔(Philip Ball)着手记录当前对造成自然多样性形态的原因的理解。它只是进化还是有物理和化学作用在起作用?鲍尔先生的英雄之一是苏格兰生物学家兼博学者D'Arcy Went-worth Thompson爵士,他于1917年撰写了《论增长与形式》。这个庞然大物,博学多才的书本,是分析自然中的图案和形状的首次正式尝试,被同事彼得·梅达瓦尔爵士描述为“在所有用英语记录的科学纪事中,最好的文学著作。 ”但这是一项艰巨的任务,汤普森从未完全实现他希望的结果。

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    《The economist》 |2009年第8621期|88|共1页
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