United We Fall

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United We Fall

机译：团结我们跌倒

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If an introduced pest gets going in a new habitat, a common response is to find a predator that likes to eat it and release that, too. But a discovery just published in Ecology, by Evan Preisser of the University of Rhode Island and Joseph Elkinton of the University of Massachusetts at Amherst, suggests an alternative approach that might be viable: introduce another pest that will compete with the first one.rnDr Preisser and Dr Elkinton experimented with two Asian sap-sucking insects, the hemlock woolly adelgid and the elongate hemlock scale-insect, that have plagued the hemlock forests of North America over the past century. The researchers infested groups of hemlock trees (which are unrelated to the poisonous herb) with one or other parasite, with both, or with none, and found that the woolly adelgid causes much more damage than the scale-insect. The former restricted the growth of the trees' branches by a third over the course of two and a half years, compared with uninfested trees. The latter, by less than a twentieth. What was curious, though, was that the growth-restriction of trees infested by both species was only twice that of those that had the scale-insect alone-in other words, less than a tenth.

机译：如果引入的有害生物进入新的栖息地，通常的反应是找到喜欢吃它的捕食者并将其释放。但是罗德岛大学的埃文·普雷瑟（Evan Preisser）和马萨诸塞州大学的阿默斯特分校的约瑟夫·艾尔金顿（Joseph Elkinton）刚刚在《生态》杂志上发表的一项发现提出了另一种可行的替代方法：引入另一种可与第一种有害生物竞争的害虫。 Elkinton博士试验了两种亚洲吸吮昆虫的方法：铁杉羊毛阿德吉德（Ausgid）和细长的铁杉鳞虫，它们在上个世纪困扰着北美的铁杉林。研究人员用一种或另一种寄生虫，既有寄生虫又无寄生虫感染了铁杉树群（与有毒草药无关），发现长毛的艾德吉德犬造成的危害比鳞片昆虫更大。与未受感染的树木相比，前者在两年半的时间内将树木的树枝生长限制了三分之一。后者不到二十分之二。然而，令人好奇的是，被这两种物种侵染的树木的生长限制仅是仅具有规模昆虫的树木的两倍，换句话说，不到十分之一。

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《The economist》 |2008年第8605期|100|共1页
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机译：秋季患病率高，恐惧下降，老年人平衡患有美国的痛苦：来自2011年全国卫生和老龄化趋势研究的调查结果
2. Self-Reported Falls and Fall-Related Injuries Among Persons Aged ≥ 65 Years-United States, 2006 [J] . J.A. Stevens, K.A. Mack, L.J. Paulozzi, Journal of Safety Research . 2008,第3期

机译：自我报告的跌倒及与年龄相关的伤害（≥65岁），美国，2006年
3. Self-reported falls and fall-related injuries among persons aged > or =65 years--United States, 2006. [J] . Morbidity and mortality weekly report . 2008,第9期

机译：在65岁以上的人群中自我报告跌倒和跌倒相关的伤害-美国，2006年。
4. Predicting the primary impact and total rollout distances of rock falls based on cases in quarries and mines in Australia and the United Kingdom [C] . Saroglou H., Bar N. US Rock Mechanics/Geomechanics Symposium . 2017

机译：基于澳大利亚和英国的争吵和地雷案例，预测岩石瀑布的主要影响和总推出距离
5. Using the Common Sense Model to describe representations of fall risk in high-risk community dwelling older adults and to explore the relationships among representations, threat of falling, fall prevention behaviors, and falling [D] . Hook, Mary L. 2007

机译：使用常识模型描述高风险社区居住的老年人中跌倒风险的表征，并探讨表征之间的关系，跌倒的威胁，预防跌倒行为和跌倒
6. CHANGES IN OLDER ADULT FALLS FALL INJURIES AND FALL FATALITIES ACROSS THE UNITED STATES—2012–2016 [O] . E Burns, R Kakara, M Stevens, -1

机译：美国到2012年至2016年期间成人摔伤摔伤和伤亡的变化
7. Cross-Sensitization in Diverse Poisonous Members of the Sumac Family (Anacardiaceae)11FAMILY ANACARDIACEAE. The bark of these plants characteristically has canals which contain a milky-white sap that often dries (especially in the caustic members) into a black lacquer-like material on contact with the air. The canals connect with canals of the leaves, and usually with the flowers and fruits. The family falls into five quite distinctive tribes; the following key indicates some of the characteristics of each tribe:Tribe Dobineae: Perianth absent: carpel 1: leaves simple.Tribe Mangiferae: Perianth present: carpel 1 (or 5 and then not united); carpel (or carpels) not sunken into and united with the receptacle; leaves simple.Tribe Spondieae: Carpels 3 to 5, united. Carpels usually 4 to 5 (rarely more or only 3); usually all carpels fertile.Tribe Semecarpeae: Carpels usually 3, all but 1 not fertile. Base of fruit sunken into the receptacle; leaves usually simple.Tribe Rhoideae: Base of fruit not sunken into the receptacle; leaves usually compound. [O] . Howell J.B. 1959

机译：Sumac家族（Anacardiaceae）11 ANACARDIACEAE的不同有毒成员中的交叉敏化。这些植物的树皮典型地具有包含乳白色汁液的渠道，该汁液通常在与空气接触时干燥成干燥的黑色漆状物质（特别是在苛性成分中）。运河与树叶的运河相连，通常与花朵和水果相连。这个家庭分为五个非常独特的部落。下面的关键点表示每个部落的一些特征：部落多比那亚：没有花被：心皮1：叶片简单。芒果：花被存在：心皮1（或5，然后不团结）；心皮（一个或多个心皮）不沉入接收器并与接收器结合；叶子简单。脊椎部落：心皮3至5，合生。心皮通常4到5（很少或很少3）；通常所有心皮都可育。部落Semecarpeae：心皮通常3个，除1个外都不可育。果实基部沉入容器中；叶子通常很简单。莱茵科：果实基部不下沉到容器中。叶通常复合。

United We Fall

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