Material world

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Material world

机译：物质世界

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As oil prices touched $89 a barrel this week, the temptation was to seek an explanation in geopolitics. Many cited a potential incursion by Turkish soldiers into northern Iraq. Some believed gold's rise to a 27-year high was driven by the same factor. But the commodities market is being affected by a lot more than just events in the Middle East. Prices of raw materials are seeing widespread gains as talk of a "supercycle" is in the air. Copper, lead, soya-beans, wheat, cotton, coffee, cocoa and feeder cattle have all registered double-digit percentage gains this year. Some of these gains can be traced back to the rise in oil prices. The planned substitution of ethanol for petrol encouraged corn planting, which took acreage away from crops like soyabeans and led to a surge in prices. Higher livestock prices can, in turn, be explained by higher grain costs.

机译：随着本周油价触及每桶89美元，人们的诱惑是寻求地缘政治的解释。许多人提到土耳其士兵可能入侵伊拉克北部。一些人认为，金价上涨至27年高点是由于同样的因素。但是商品市场不仅受到中东事件的影响。随着有关“超级周期”的讨论日渐临近，原材料的价格正在普遍上涨。铜，铅，大豆，小麦，棉花，咖啡，可可和饲养牛今年都取得了两位数的百分比增长。其中一些收益可以追溯到石油价格上涨。计划用乙醇代替汽油鼓励了玉米播种，这使大豆等农作物的种植面积减少，并导致价格飙升。反过来，较高的牲畜价格可以用较高的谷物成本来解释。

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《The economist》 |2007年第8551期|p.109|共1页
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中图分类经济;各科经济学;
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7. Figure 6: (A) Tree resulted the standard MP analysis of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) constructed using the modified summary of Lehtonen et al. (2011) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details) and a posteriori rooted relatively Papio (length = 12,092, CI = 0.7877, RI = 0.5597); 34,022 characters are constant, and the number of the parsimony-informative characters is equal to 4,311. MP BS values are provided below branches. The only characters with non-ambiguous value of the outgroup (Papio) have been saved within concatenated alignment; (B) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00084 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 5,507 trees derived from the binary representation of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) (see “Materials and Methods” for the details); Papio is assumed to be the best all-plesiomorphic group. “Additional…” FORESTER’s output tree file (see “Materials and Methods” for the details) selected for future analyses; (C) the average consensus tree of the score 0.00090 resulted the analysis of the Hennigian forest of the 5,339 trees derived from the modified binary representation of the 98-loci supermatrix of the Great Apes (Hominidae, Primates, Mammalia) (see 6.I. and “Materials and Methods” for the details), but with all 168 trees, which contain the clade (Homo plus Pan) have been removed from the input forest. “Additional…” FORESTER’s output tree file (see “Materials and Methods”) selected for future analyses. [O] . -1

机译：图6：（A）树导致的标准MP分析的98-基因座的类人猿（人科，灵长类动物，哺乳动物），使用莱赫托宁等人的修改的摘要构成的超级矩阵。（2011）（参见细节“材料和方法”）以及相对植根狒狒后验概率（长度= 12092，CI = 0.7877，RI = 0.5597）; 34022个字符是恒定的，并且简约信息的字符数等于4311。下面提供分支MP BS值。与外类群（狒狒）的非模糊值的唯一的字符已被保存的级联对准内; （B）的得分0.00084的平均一致树导致从巨猿（原始人类，灵长类动物，哺乳动物）的98座超级矩阵的二进制表示获得的5507棵的Hennigian森林的分析（见“材料和方法”为细节）;狒狒被认为是最好的全祖征群。 “其他...” FORESTER的输出树文件（请参阅详细信息“材料和方法”），用于进一步的分析; （C）的分数0.00090的平均一致树导致从98个位点的类人猿（人科，灵长类动物，哺乳动物）的超级矩阵（见6.I的改性二进制表示导出的5339种树木的Hennigian森林的分析以及“材料和方法”的详细说明），但所有168棵，其中包含的分支（智人加PAN）已经从输入林中删除。 “其他...” FORESTER的输出树文件（参见“材料和方法”），用于进一步的分析。

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