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Anatomy of thrift

机译：节俭的解剖

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At first sight, the idea of a "saving glut"—an excess of saving over investment—seems odd. According to the economics textbooks, saving and investment are always equal. People cannot save without investing their money somewhere, and they cannot invest without using somebody's savings. Saving and investment are two sides of the same coin. And indeed that is true for the world as a whole, but it is not true for individual countries. Capital can flow across borders, so the amount an individual country saves does not have to be the same as the amount it invests. The difference between the two is the amount borrowed from or lent to foreigners; this is called the current-account deficit or surplus. If a country's current-account surplus rises, it means that either its saving has increased or its investment has fallen, or both. Either way, that country has generated an excess of saving which it has exported.
机译：乍一看，“节余供过于求”的想法似乎有点奇怪。根据经济学教科书，储蓄和投资总是平等的。人们不能不将钱投资在某处而进行储蓄，他们也不能不使用某人的储蓄而进行投资。储蓄和投资是同一枚硬币的两个方面。确实，这对整个世界都是正确的，但对于个别国家却并非如此。资本可以跨境流动，因此单个国家的储蓄额不必与投资额相同。两者之间的差异是向外国人借钱或借给外国人的金额；这称为经常账户赤字或盈余。如果一个国家的经常账户盈余增加，则意味着它的储蓄增加了或投资减少了，或两者都有。无论哪种方式，那个国家都产生了多余的储蓄，它已经出口了。

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