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The hidden wealth of the poor

机译：穷人的隐藏财富

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In rich countries, financial services on the whole work remarkably well, despite the exotic salaries, the crackpot deals and the occasional bust. The vast majority of people have access to interest-bearing savings accounts, mortgages at reasonable rates, abundant consumer credit, insurance at premiums that reflect the risk of losses, cheap ways of transferring money, and innumerable sources of capital for funding a business. By contrast, financial services for poor people in developing countries—a business known as "microfinance"-have mostly been awful or absent. With no safe place to store whatever money they have, the poor bury it, or buy livestock that may die, or invest in jewellery that may be stolen and can be hard to sell. Basic life and property insurance is rarely available. Home loans are costly, if indeed they can be found at all. For many people, the only source of credit is a pawnshop or a moneylender who may charge staggeringly high interest and beat up clients who fail to pay on time. In the Philippines, lenders who zip from town to town on motorcycles expect six pesos back for every five they lend. That translates into an annual interest rate of over 1,000% on a loan for a month.
机译：在富裕国家中，尽管薪水高涨，扒手交易和偶尔的破产，但金融服务总体上还是表现出色。绝大多数人可以使用计息储蓄帐户，合理利率的抵押贷款，丰富的消费者信贷，反映损失风险的保费保险，廉价的汇款方式以及无数的企业资金来源。相比之下，为发展中国家的穷人提供的金融服务-一种称为“小额信贷”的业务-几乎是糟糕的或缺乏的。由于没有安全的地方来储存他们拥有的所有钱，穷人将其埋葬，或购买可能死亡的牲畜，或投资可能被盗并难以出售的珠宝。基本的人寿和财产保险很少。如果确实可以找到房屋贷款，则它们的成本很高。对于许多人来说，唯一的信贷来源是当铺或放债人，他们可能收取惊人的高额利息，并打败未能按时付款的客户。在菲律宾，借着摩托车从一个镇到另一个镇的放贷人希望他们每借出五比索回去六比索。这意味着一个月的贷款年利率超过1,000％。

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