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Reconciling Spice results and hand calculations: unexpected problems

机译:调和Spice结果和手工计算:意外问题

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摘要

In an earlier paper, the authors analyzed and offered solutions to several discrepancies that often arise when electronic engineering students seek to understand and reconcile their hand calculations with Spice simulation results. This paper presents several additional commonly encountered, but quite unexpected, problems that frustrate and confuse students. In particular, the authors discuss the difficulties that arise from the use of Miller compensation in the middle gain stage of a typical bipolar op amp, the discrepancies that occur when a transistor is operating in "high level injection region", the techniques for minimizing the voltage offsets when the input transistors match perfectly and the difficulties in calculating common mode rejection ratio caused by the difference between the AC and DC gains of current mirrors.
机译:在较早的论文中,作者分析了一些差异,并提供了解决方案,以解决电子工程专业学生试图了解自己的手计算并将其与Spice仿真结果相协调的情况。本文提出了一些使学生感到沮丧和困惑的其他常见但又出乎意料的问题。特别是,作者讨论了在典型的双极性运算放大器的中间增益阶段使用米勒补偿所引起的困难,当晶体管在“高电平注入区域”工作时出现的差异,使噪声最小化的技术。输入晶体管完美匹配时电压偏移,以及由电流镜的交流和直流增益之间的差异导致的计算共模抑制比的困难。

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