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Cost allocation model for distribution networks considering high penetration of distributed energy resources

机译：考虑分布式能源高度渗透的配电网成本分配模型

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The high penetration of distributed energy resources (DER) in distribution networks and the competitive environment of electricity markets impose the use of new approaches in several domains. The network cost allocation, traditionally used in transmission networks, should be adapted and used in the distribution networks considering the specifications of the connected resources. The main goal is to develop a fairer methodology trying to distribute the distribution network use costs to all players which are using the network in each period. In this paper, a model considering different type of costs (fixed, losses, and congestion costs) is proposed comprising the use of a large set of DER, namely distributed generation (DG), demand response (DR) of direct load control type, energy storage systems (ESS), and electric vehicles with capability of discharging energy to the network, which is known as vehicle-to-grid (V2G). The proposed model includes three distinct phases of operation. The first phase of the model consists in an economic dispatch based on an AC optimal power flow (AC-OPF); in the second phase Kirschen's and Bialek's tracing algorithms are used and compared to evaluate the impact of each resource in the network. Finally, the MW-mile method is used in the third phase of the proposed model. A distribution network of 33 buses with large penetration of DER is used to illustrate the application of the proposed model. (C) 2015 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：分布式能源资源（DER）在配电网络中的高度渗透以及电力市场的竞争环境迫使在多个领域中使用新方法。传统上在传输网络中使用的网络成本分配应考虑到连接资源的规范进行调整并在配电网络中使用。主要目标是开发一种更公平的方法，试图将分销网络的使用成本分配给每个时期使用该网络的所有参与者。本文提出了一种考虑不同成本类型（固定成本，损失成本和拥堵成本）的模型，该模型包括使用大量DER，即分布式发电（DG），直接负载控制类型的需求响应（DR），储能系统（ESS）和具有向网络释放能量的能力的电动汽车，这被称为“车辆到电网（V2G）”。所提出的模型包括三个不同的操作阶段。该模型的第一阶段包括基于交流最优功率流（AC-OPF）的经济调度。在第二阶段，使用并比较了Kirschen和Bialek的跟踪算法，以评估网络中每种资源的影响。最后，在所提出模型的第三阶段中使用了MW-mile方法。使用33个公交车的分布式大分布式网络（DER）来说明该模型的应用。 （C）2015 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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