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Supercapacitor storage in vehicles powered from a battery or overhead lines

机译：由电池或架空线供电的车辆中的超级电容器存储

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摘要

Nowadays, one can notice a significant development of modern battery technology. Despite improvement of capacity and charging parameters, the present storage systems are not able to meet the requirements for the urban transport vehicles. The most important constraint is the limitation of the charging current, which is highly related to the operating conditions like battery level or temperature. Moreover even advanced batteries have a significant drawback of a limited number of charge and discharge cycles. Aforementioned constraints affect the vehicle operating cost and decrease the attractiveness of this energy storage system. However, its properties can be considerably improved by use of increasingly popular super capacitors. Their biggest advantages are high performance and high energy density. Moreover the number of charging cycles can be even greater than one million, which mitigates their high price. The capabilities of the supercapacitors are of particular interest in electric vehicles where the standard batteries cannot withstand high charging and discharging current requirements. It is highly important in the electric vehicle powered with overhead line where energy created during regenerative braking exceeds the parameters of the regular battery system and must be dissipated through the resistors. However, the capabilities of the supercapacitors are larger than batteries with high charging currents. An interesting application is reduction of current flowing from a network to the vehicle and from a vehicle to the network High current peaks during acceleration or braking can be mitigated, which reduces the wear of moving parts and decreases the energy losses in the traction power network This article presents the structure of the supply system for an electric vehicle powered by batteries, hybrid drive or a traction power network. The application of the supercapacitor storage system is investigated, but also the possibilities for improving drive parameters are discussed. The capacitors operating states are shown together with their roles in improving the properties of the electric drives, in particular.
机译：如今，人们可以注意到现代电池技术的重大发展。尽管容量和充电参数有所改善，但是当前的存储系统仍不能满足城市运输车辆的要求。最重要的约束是充电电流的限制，它与电池电量或温度等工作条件高度相关。此外，即使是高级电池也具有明显的缺点，即充电和放电循环次数有限。上述约束影响车辆的运营成本并降低该能量存储系统的吸引力。但是，通过使用越来越流行的超级电容器可以大大改善其性能。它们的最大优点是高性能和高能量密度。而且，充电周期的数量甚至可以大于一百万，这减轻了其高昂的价格。在标准电池不能承受高充电和放电电流要求的电动汽车中，超级电容器的功能特别受关注。在架空线供电的电动汽车中，再生制动过程中产生的能量超过常规电池系统的参数，必须通过电阻进行耗散，这一点非常重要。但是，超级电容器的容量要大于具有高充电电流的电池。一个有趣的应用是减少从网络流向车辆和从车辆流向网络的电流，可以减轻加速或制动期间的高电流峰值，这减少了运动部件的磨损并减少了牵引电网中的能量损耗。文章介绍了由电池，混合动力驱动或牵引电网供电的电动汽车的供电系统的结构。研究了超级电容器存储系统的应用，但同时也讨论了改善驱动参数的可能性。尤其示出了电容器的工作状态及其在改善电驱动器性能方面的作用。

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