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Information markets over trust networks

机译：信任网络上的信息市场

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摘要

Information markets are inefficient. Information products have large upfront development costs, yet their duplication costs are negligibly small; and they are experience goods with high costs of marketing and promotion. As a result, either winner-take-all markets are created through large and expensive promotional campaigns, or artificial monopoly power is conferred by the government through copyright protection, or both, to prevent the collapse of these markets from intense price competition and piracy. Such inefficiency creates opportunities to design more efficient markets by utilizing new technologies. Trust networks provide such an opportunity where the network infrastructure acts not only as a distribution system for information products, but also as an advertising and promotion medium, a payment and pricing mechanism, a guarantee and insurance service, and a copyright enforcement and dispute resolution tool. Such a network-centric market place is proposed to remedy many of the shortcomings of mass markets by relying on peer-to-peer distribution, peer-to-peer payments, and peer-to-peer enforcement of trust and integrity. Analytical models are presented to show that such a market place for information goods can scale up to satisfy large markets without expensive promotions and advertising campaigns, create customized products with dynamic pricing, reduce entry costs by eliminating the distinction between buyers and sellers, and eliminate the need for copyright protection.
机译：信息市场效率低下。信息产品的前期开发成本很高，但是其复制成本却很小。并且它们是经验丰富的商品，具有很高的营销和促销成本。结果，要么通过大型且昂贵的促销活动来建立赢家通吃的市场，要么通过版权保护来政府赋予人为的垄断权，或者两者兼而有之，以防止这些市场因激烈的价格竞争和盗版而崩溃。这种低效率为利用新技术设计更高效的市场创造了机会。信任网络提供了这样的机会，其中网络基础结构不仅充当信息产品的分发系统，而且充当广告和促销媒介，支付和定价机制，担保和保险服务以及版权实施和争议解决工具。提出了这样一个以网络为中心的市场，以通过依靠对等分发，对等支付以及对信任和完整性的对等实施来弥补大众市场的许多缺点。提出分析模型表明，这样的信息产品市场可以扩大规模，以满足大型市场的需求，而无需进行昂贵的促销和广告活动；以动态价格创建定制产品；通过消除买卖双方之间的区别来降低进入成本；以及消除需要版权保护。

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