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Evaluating foreign trade specialization and qualitative competitiveness of a transition economy: the case of Macedonia

机译：评估转型经济中的外贸专业化和质量竞争力：以马其顿为例

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A certain country can increase production and welfare only if it produces in industries in which price is not the single factor explaining the competitive edge. This paper attempts to assess the qualitative competitiveness of Macedonia as a candidate country for European Union (EU) accession. EU remains a main trading partner of the country, making up around two-thirds of its foreign trade. Having a small economy implies that Macedonia has to rely mainly on export-led growth. As such, addressing external competitiveness has become a more prominent issue than ever before, while improving the competitiveness is quite important in terms of EU accession. We calculate unit values to signal the Macedonia's quality position, and then perform a country-specific segmentation of markets according to the revealed price elasticity concept (REVELAST 1). The findings suggest that Macedonia exhibits low export unit values due to the country's specialization mostly in industries at the lower end of the quality spectrum. The analysis of product groups indicates a certain weakening-inadequate position prevails both for the levels and the type of competitive performance. The rising number of product groups in the segment with structural problems is particularly worrisome, and specifically for sectors which are the most important for achieving competitiveness with dynamic potentials. The only way for Macedonia to establish an adequate structure of foreign trade and higher levels of competitiveness is to create an appropriate environment, so that some product groups of this segment move into the segments of successful quality-and/or price competition.
机译：一个国家只有在其价格不是解释竞争优势的唯一因素的行业中生产时，才能增加生产和福利。本文试图评估马其顿作为加入欧盟的候选国的质量竞争力。欧盟仍然是该国的主要贸易伙伴，约占其对外贸易的三分之二。经济小意味着马其顿必须主要依靠出口拉动的增长。因此，解决外部竞争力已成为比以往任何时候都更加突出的问题，而就加入欧盟而言，提高竞争力非常重要。我们计算单位价值以表示马其顿的质量状况，然后根据揭示的价格弹性概念（REVELAST 1）执行特定国家的市场细分。研究结果表明，由于该国的专业化，马其顿的出口单位价格较低，主要是在质量范围较低的行业。对产品组的分析表明，在竞争绩效的水平和类型上，弱势地位不足。具有结构性问题的细分市场中越来越多的产品组尤其令人担忧，尤其是对于那些具有动态潜力的竞争力最重要的行业。马其顿建立适当的外贸结构和更高水平的竞争力的唯一方法是创造适当的环境，以便使这一细分市场的某些产品类别进入成功的质量和/或价格竞争的细分市场。

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