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Thermal performance of internally insulated historic brick building in cold climate: A long term case study

机译：内保温历史建筑在寒冷气候下的热性能：长期案例研究

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Historic buildings built before 1945 make up a significant part of the building stock in the European Union. They also contribute to the greenhouse gas emissions due to high energy consumption. However, policy makers and building owners are facing "building energy efficiency-heritage value" dilemma when, on the one hand it is important to preserve a building's heritage value and on the other hand, energy consumption should be reduced significantly. Internal insulation is one of the energy efficiency measures that can be applied. However, this is one of the most challenging and complex energy efficiency measures due to changes in boundary conditions and hygrothermal behaviour of the wall, especially in cold climate. We aimed to study the thermal behaviour of two internal insulation materials applied to historic masonry building in a cold climate. We carried out long term in-situ measurements of heat flux and temperature for internal insulation with aerogel and vacuum insulation panels (VIP) in the case study building in the historic quarter of Riga, Latvia. The original walls are made of 51 cm thick calcium silicate bricks. They were poorly maintained and heavily damaged by moisture before energy efficiency renovation. After renovation the external surface of walls was painted with self-cleaning, water repellent hydrophobic facade paint. The energy efficiency renovation also included insulation of floor and roof, change of windows, new ventilation and air heat pump installation. The analysis of the thermal behaviour show that the masonry part of the wall is exposed to freezing risk for a significant number of days during the winter. Calcium silicate bricks are very sensitive to freeze-thaw damage therefore we carried out computer simulation for the assessment of hygrothermal behaviour. Results show that the calcium silicate masonry part of the internally insulated wall in cold climate leads to exposure to freeze-thaw damage if the moisture content of the brick is higher than the capillary saturation. This process strongly depends on unfavourable outdoor conditions for wall types with and without water repellent hydrophobic paint. (C) 2017 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
机译：1945年之前建造的历史建筑构成了欧盟建筑群的重要组成部分。由于高能耗，它们还导致温室气体排放。但是，政策制定者和建筑物所有者面临“建筑物能量效率-遗产价值”的困境，一方面，保护建筑物的遗产价值很重要，另一方面，应显着降低能耗。内部绝缘是可以采用的节能措施之一。但是，由于墙体边界条件和吸湿性的变化，这是最具挑战性和最复杂的能效措施之一，尤其是在寒冷气候下。我们旨在研究在寒冷气候下应用于历史性砖石建筑的两种内部隔热材料的热行为。我们在拉脱维亚里加历史街区的案例研究大楼中对气凝胶和真空隔热板（VIP）进行内部隔热的热通量和温度进行了长期的现场测量。原始墙壁由51厘米厚的硅酸钙砖制成。在节能改造之前，它们保养不善，受潮严重损坏。装修后，墙壁的外表面涂有自清洁，憎水的疏水外墙涂料。节能改造还包括地板和屋顶的隔热，窗户的更换，新的通风和空气热泵的安装。对热行为的分析表明，在冬季，墙的砖石部分在相当长的几天内遭受冰冻风险。硅酸钙砖对冻融损伤非常敏感，因此我们进行了计算机模拟来评估湿热行为。结果表明，如果砖中的水分含量高于毛细管饱和度，则在寒冷气候下内部隔热墙体的硅酸钙砌筑部分会导致冻融破坏。对于使用和不使用疏水性疏水涂料的墙类型，此过程很大程度上取决于不利的户外条件。 （C）2017 Elsevier B.V.保留所有权利。

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