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首页> 外文期刊>Energy Conversion & Management >Highly effective organic draw solutions for renewable power generation by closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis
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Highly effective organic draw solutions for renewable power generation by closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis

机译：高效的有机汲取解决方案，通过闭环压力延迟渗透实现可再生能源发电

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摘要

An appropriate draw solution selection is a key to successful implementation of closed-loop pressure retarded osmosis (PRO) process for sustainable energy generation. In this study, the organic compounds potassium citrate, calcium acetate, potassium oxalate, potassium acetate, ammonium acetate, ammonium carbamate, ammonium formate, potassium formate, sodium glycolate, sodium propionate and calcium propionate were identified for the first time as highly effective draw solutions (except for NaP) using an easy desk-top screening method. This method identified these organic compounds by considering physical state at ambient condition, water solubility and osmotic pressure. The draw solutions were comprehensively evaluated for water flux, power density, and reverse salt flux through a laboratory-based investigation of the PRO process. The peak power densities achieved for the identified draw solutions were 5.32-6.73 W/m(2) at 2.8 MPa osmotic pressure. These peak power densities increased from 109% to 118% (11.1-14.64 W/m(2)) when increasing the osmotic pressure of the draw solutions by 50% (4.2 MPa). A significant increase in the peak power density was obtained due to the very low reverse salt flux for the organic draw solutions (0.029-0.0699 mol m(-2) 11-5 and 0.0325-0.0854 mol m(-2) h(-1) at osmotic pressures of 2.8 MPa and 4.2 MPa, respectively). The identified organic draw solutions were also analyzed as distillable and thermolytic through gravimetric method, for the identification of potential downstream recovery methods to recycle the draw solutions in the closed-loop PRO process. Membrane distillation could be used as a downstream separator technique for the distillable organic draw solutions; however, only the ammonium carbamate among the thermolytic compounds could be separated downstream by using a low-temperature thermal distillation process.
机译：选择合适的抽取解决方案是成功实施闭环压力延迟渗透（PRO）过程以实现可持续能源生产的关键。在这项研究中，有机化合物柠檬酸钾，乙酸钙，草酸钾，乙酸钾，乙酸铵，氨基甲酸铵，甲酸铵，甲酸钾，乙醇酸钠，丙酸钠和丙酸钙首次被鉴定为高效提取液（NaP除外）使用简便的台式筛查方法。该方法通过考虑环境条件下的物理状态，水溶性和渗透压来鉴定这些有机化合物。通过对PRO过程进行基于实验室的调查，对抽水溶液的水通量，功率密度和反盐通量进行了全面评估。在2.8 MPa的渗透压下，已确定的抽吸溶液的峰值功率密度为5.32-6.73 W / m（2）。当将汲取溶液的渗透压提高50％（4.2 MPa）时，这些峰值功率密度从109％增加到118％（11.1-14.64 W / m（2））。由于有机汲取溶液的反向盐通量非常低（0.029-0.0699 mol m（-2）11-5和0.0325-0.0854 mol m（-2）h（-1），因此峰值功率密度显着增加）分别在2.8 MPa和4.2 MPa的渗透压下）。鉴定出的有机萃取溶液也通过重量分析法进行了蒸馏和热分解分析，以鉴定潜在的下游回收方法，以在闭环PRO过程中回收萃取溶液。膜蒸馏可用作可蒸馏有机萃取液的下游分离器技术。然而，通过使用低温热蒸馏工艺，仅热解化合物中的氨基甲酸铵可以在下游分离。

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