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首页> 外文期刊>Energy Conversion & Management >Catalytic co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and waste tyres for the production of drop-in biofuels
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Catalytic co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and waste tyres for the production of drop-in biofuels

机译：葡萄籽和废轮胎的催化共热解以生产直接生物燃料

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Catalytic co-pyrolysis of grape seeds and waste tyres was performed in a fixed-bed reactor using calcined calcite as a catalyst. The organic phase obtained was analysed for its further application as a potential and stable drop-in fuel. Remarkable positive effects were achieved after the joint incorporation of both waste tyres and calcined calcite to grape seeds in the process. More specifically, the addition of considerable amounts of waste tyres (between 20 and 40 wt%) with a constant ratio of feedstock to calcined calcite of 1 were considered the optimal experimental conditions to promote positive synergistic effects on bio-oil yields and its characteristics as a fuel. Thus, when the proportion of waste tyres in the feed reached 40 wt%, the organic phase yield was considerable improved, reaching up values higher than 73 wt%, significantly greater than those obtained from conventional pyrolysis (61 wt%). Moreover, oxygen content was reduced to 4.2 wt%, minimizing any problems related to corrosivity and instability. HHV was enlarged from 15.3 up to 27.3 MJ/kg, significantly increasing the value of the resulting bio-oil. pH values and specially total acid number were also improved reaching values down to 1 mg KOH/g(bio-oil) in all cases. Additionally, a more valuable chemical composition was achieved since the production of aromatic and, cyclic hydrocarbons was maximized, while a significant reduction in phenolic compounds was achieved. Moreover, bio-oil sulphur content was drastically reduced in comparison with the pyrolysis of waste tyres by itself from 0.6 down to 0.2 wt%. The role of calcined calcite was directly related to the promotion of dehydration reactions of acids and phenols in order to generate hydrocarbons. On the other hand, radical interactions between the biomass and waste tyres pyrolysis products played a fundamental role in the production of more valuable compounds. Finally, the CO2 capture effect produced a more environmentally friendly gas while maintaining its calorific value.
机译：在煅烧的方解石作为催化剂的固定床反应器中，对葡萄籽和废轮胎进行催化共热解。分析获得的有机相作为潜在和稳定的直接燃料的进一步应用。在此过程中，将废轮胎和煅烧方解石联合掺入葡萄籽中后，取得了显着的积极效果。更具体地说，添加大量的废轮胎（介于20至40 wt％之间）且原料与煅烧方解石的比例恒定为1被认为是最佳的实验条件，可促进对生物油收率及其特性的积极协同作用。燃料。因此，当废轮胎在进料中的比例达到40 wt％时，有机相的收率得到了显着提高，达到高于73 wt％的最高值，大大高于常规热解获得的值（61 wt％）。而且，氧含量降低到4.2重量％，使与腐蚀性和不稳定性有关的任何问题最小化。 HHV从15.3增至27.3 MJ / kg，显着增加了所得生物油的价值。在所有情况下，pH值和特别是总酸值也都得到了改善，达到了低至1 mg KOH / g（生物油）的值。此外，由于最大程度地提高了芳香烃和环状烃的产量，同时实现了酚类化合物的大幅减少，因此获得了更有价值的化学组成。此外，与废轮胎本身的热解相比，生物油中的硫含量从0.6降低到0.2 wt％。煅烧方解石的作用与促进酸和酚的脱水反应以生成烃直接相关。另一方面，生物质和废轮胎热解产物之间的自由基相互作用在生产更有价值的化合物中起着基本作用。最终，CO2捕集效果产生了一种更环保的气体，同时保持了其发热量。

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