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Experimental investigation of a heavy-duty natural gas engine performance operated at stoichiometric and lean operations

机译：在化学计量和精益作用下运行重型天然气发动机性能的实验研究

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There is a need for decarbonization in power generation and transportation. Natural gas can replace conventional petroleum fuels due to its low carbon-to-hydrogen ratio, especially in existing diesel engines. This paper was based on the hypothesis that "ideal" natural gas engines would operate both stoichiometric and lean, as needed. Therefore, the need to identify the effect of leaning the mixture on several parameters not usually shown in the literature. This paper compared the performance and emissions of a heavy-duty diesel engine converted to natural gas spark ignition operation under stoichiometric (equivalence ratio, 1:1) = 1.0) and lean (1:1) = 0.8) operation. The original cylinder head and piston were maintained, and no exhaust gas recirculation was used. The results showed that lean operation decreased peak cylinder pressure and maximum pressure rise rate by 10-15% and 1 bar/degrees CA, respectively, and increased the volumetric efficiency from -72% to -74%. While it also increased the ignition lag, which translated in up to 5 degrees CA delay in the location of peak pressure and crank angle associated with 50% of energy release at the same spark timing and a - 5 degrees CA advance in the location of maximum indicated mean effective pressure, it had a negligible effect on the combustion duration due to distinguishing characteristics of gas and flame motion in the bowl-in-piston chamber. Lean operation increased unburned hydrocarbon and nitrogen oxides emissions by up to 15% and 300%, respectively, and carbon monoxide emissions were - 20x lower. Lean operation improved indicated thermal efficiency by two percentage points due to a 15% decrease in the heat losses but decreased the exhaust temperature by - 50 degrees C, which would affect the aftertreatment performance. Stoichiometric operation reduced the combustion fluctuations. However, the increased turbulence inside the "fast-burn" bowl-in-piston chamber compensated for the lower natural gas flame speed, with a variation of the indicated mean effective pressure below 2.5% even at 1:1) = 0.8. Finally, important differences were observed compared to a traditional spark ignition engine. For example, diesel engine conversation increased nitrogen oxides emissions under lean burn but lowered unburned hydrocarbon and carbon oxide emissions when retarding spark timing from the optimum value. These findings suggest that more studies are needed to better understand the optimization of dedicated natural gas engines converted from diesel, under both lean and stoichiometric operations.
机译：需要在发电和运输中脱碳。由于其低碳与氢气比，特别是在现有的柴油发动机中，天然气可以取代传统的石油燃料。本文基于以下假设，即“理想”天然气发动机根据需要操作化学计量和精度。因此，需要识别倾斜混合物对通常在文献中的几个参数上的效果。本文将重型柴油发动机的性能和排放与化学计量（等效比，1：1）= 1.0）和瘦（1：1）= 0.8）操作转换为天然气火花点火操作。保持原始气缸盖和活塞，没有使用废气再循环。结果表明，贫液相传，分别降低了峰值气缸压力和最大压力上升率10-15％和1巴/℃，并将体积效率从-72％增加到-74％。虽然它也增加了点火滞后，它在峰值压力和曲柄角的位置转换为高达5摄氏度的CA延迟，与50％的能量释放相同的火花定时和最大位置的A - 5摄氏度提前表示平均有效压力，由于碗内室中的气体和火焰运动的区分特征，它对燃烧持续时间具有可忽略不计的燃烧持续时间。瘦操作增加未燃烧的烃和氮氧化物排放量，分别高达15％和300％，一氧化碳排放量为-20倍。由于热量损失的减少15％，瘦操作提高了两种百分点，但是减少了排气温度达到 - 50℃，这会影响后处理性能。化学计量操作降低了燃烧波动。然而，“快速燃烧”碗内活塞室内的湍流增加，用于较低的天然气火焰速度，所示的平均有效压力的变化均匀于2.5％以下，甚至在1：1）= 0.8。最后，与传统的火花点火发动机相比，观察到的重要差异。例如，柴油发动机谈话在稀释燃烧下增加氮氧化物排放，但是在延迟最佳值的火花正时降低了未燃烧的烃和碳化氧化物排放。这些研究结果表明，需要更多的研究来更好地了解从瘦和化学计量的操作下从柴油转换的专用天然气发动机的优化。

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