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Effect of air ingress on the energy performance of coal fired thermal power plants

机译：进气对燃煤火力发电厂能源性能的影响

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摘要

Ingress of air in boilers leads to drops in energy efficiency. This paper presents the effects of air ingress in the combustion zone, post-combustion zone and air pre-heater (APH) on the energy efficiency and loading capacity of a coal fired thermal power plant operating on fuel with high ash (35-45%). The optimal O-2 in the flue gas for a pulverized coal fired system is 3.5% (corresponding to 20% excess air). The operating values are in the range of 4.2-6.0% in membrane type boilers and up to 10% in refractory type boilers (after sustained periods of operation). The leakage rate of boilers (up to the entrance of the APH) is designed at 0.2% while the average operating values are 7.25% for membrane type enclosures and 33.61% for refractory enclosures. The leakage rate of the APH is designed at 5.0% while the operating values range from 13.66% to 20.13% for rotary and tubular APHs. When the O_2 in the combustion zone varies from 3.5% to 8.0%, efficiency drops of 2.0% points are experienced in the boiler and turbine separately, and the gross overall efficiency drop is ～3.0% points. The units do not experience any capacity drop up to an O_2 in the flue gas of 6.0% before the APH. At an O_2 in the flue gas (before APH) of 7.2%, a mild limitation on the unit capacity of around 2-3% is experienced. When O_2 in the flue gas (before APH) reaches a level of 9.0%, 20% capacity drop of the unit is experienced due to which the plant load cannot be raised higher than 80%. Beyond the level of 9.0% (rare occurrence), the unit is quite difficult to operate and has to be taken off for overhaul.
机译：空气进入锅炉会导致能源效率下降。本文介绍了进入燃烧区，后燃烧区和空气预热器（APH）的空气对以高灰分（35-45％）为燃料的燃煤热电厂的能效和负载能力的影响）。对于粉煤燃烧系统，烟道气中的最佳O-2为3.5％（相当于20％的过量空气）。膜式锅炉的运行值在4.2-6.0％的范围内，而耐火型锅炉的运行值在持续运行后最高为10％。锅炉的泄漏率（直至APH的入口）设计为0.2％，而膜式外壳的平均运行值为7.25％，耐火外壳的平均运行值为33.61％。 APH的泄漏率设计为5.0％，而旋转式和管状APH的工作值范围为13.66％至20.13％。当燃烧区的O_2在3.5％至8.0％之间变化时，锅炉和汽轮机的效率分别下降2.0％点，而总的总体效率下降约为3.0％点。在APH之前，这些装置的烟气中的O_2容量不会下降到O_2的任何水平，都不会出现任何容量下降。在烟气中的O_2（在APH之前）为7.2％时，对单位容量的限制约为2-3％。当烟气中的O_2（在APH之前）达到9.0％的水平时，设备的容量会下降20％，因此无法将电厂负荷提高到80％以上。超过9.0％的水平（稀有），该设备很难操作，必须拆除进行大修。

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