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Thermal Behavior and Viscoelasticity of Heavy Oils

机译：重油的热行为和粘弹性

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摘要

Heavy oils are complex fluids and their flow properties are of primary importance to the assessment of their commercial value or to the design of production and transport facilities. Compounds such as asphaltenes and wax crystals, for instance, are known for their complex physical behaviors and interactions, and consequently they highly contribute to the macroscopic flow behavior of the crude oil In mis study, we investigate two particular aspects of the heavy oil flow behavior: the temperature dependence of the viscosity and the Theological and structural properties. The viscosity and viscoelasticity of a set of 13 different natural heavy oils from various origins (Asia and North, Central, and South America) are characterized over a wide range of temperatures. The zero-shear viscosity is measured from -40 ℃ to 200 ℃, and the data are interpreted through the concept of glass transition, experimentally observed by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and fitted by the Williams- Landel-Ferry (WLF) model. The fragility of the different oils is found to be very similar throughout the sample set and the WLF constants are similar to the universal values observed in polymers. A detailed rheological characterization of the oils is also undertaken, under steady-shear experiments and dynamic oscillatory tests at temperatures from -50 ℃ to 50 ℃. Independently of their zero-shear viscosities, the heavy oils have different rheological properties ranging from a Newtonian and purely viscous character to a weak gel-like behavior linked to some elastic internal structure. The viscoelasticity is quantified through the relaxation exponent n, which is then matched to some compositional features. For some oils, the viscoelastic character is linked to the presence of paraffinic wax crystals, the amount of which is quantified by DSC. For the other viscoelastic oils, the elastic character seems to be related to their high amount of asphaltenes: there is indeed a trend between the asphaltene content and the relaxation exponent, suggesting that the asphaltenes, when present in high quantities, are linked to the structural elastic properties, which lead to the macroscopic weak gel-like behavior.
机译：重油是复杂的流体，其流动特性对于评估其商业价值或设计生产和运输设施至关重要。例如，诸如沥青质和蜡状晶体的化合物以其复杂的物理行为和相互作用而闻名，因此它们对原油的宏观流动行为有很大贡献。在错误研究中，我们研究了稠油流动行为的两个特定方面：粘度的温度依赖性以及流变学和结构特性。一组13种来自不同来源（亚洲和北美洲，中美洲和南美洲）的天然重油的粘度和粘弹性在很宽的温度范围内得到表征。零剪切粘度在-40℃至200℃范围内测量，数据通过玻璃化转变的概念进行解释，通过差示扫描量热法（DSC）进行实验观察，并通过Williams-Landel-Ferry（WLF）模型进行拟合。发现不同的油​​的脆性在整个样品组中非常相似，并且WLF常数与在聚合物中观察到的通用值相似。在-50℃至50℃的温度下，通过稳态剪切实验和动态振荡试验，还对油进行了详细的流变学表征。与零剪切粘度无关，重油具有不同的流变特性，范围从牛顿和纯粘性的特性到与某些弹性内部结构相关的弱凝胶状行为。通过松弛指数n量化粘弹性，然后将其与某些组成特征相匹配。对于某些油，粘弹性特征与石蜡蜡晶体的存在有关，其含量可通过DSC定量。对于其他粘弹性油，其弹性特征似乎与其高含量的沥青质有关：沥青质含量和弛豫指数之间确实存在趋势，这表明当沥青质大量存在时，其与结构相关。弹性，导致宏观上像凝胶一样的弱行为。

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  • 来源
    《Energy & fuels》 |2012年第mayajuna期|p.3448-3461|共14页
  • 作者

    Patrice Abivin; Shawn D. Taylor; Denise Freed;

  • 作者单位

    Schlumberger, DBR Technology Center, 9450 17 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6N 1M9;

    Schlumberger, DBR Technology Center, 9450 17 Avenue, Edmonton, AB, Canada T6N 1M9;

    Schlumberger—Doll Research, One Hampshire Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States;

  • 收录信息 美国《科学引文索引》(SCI);美国《工程索引》(EI);美国《生物学医学文摘》(MEDLINE);
  • 原文格式 PDF
  • 正文语种 eng
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