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Cost minimization for fully renewable electricity systems: A Mauritius case study

机译：完全可再生电力系统的成本最小化：毛里求斯案例研究

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摘要

Climate change is the world's most prominent environmental problem, and fossil-fuel combustion is its primary cause. To set carbon reduction goals, policy makers require information on feasibility and cost of renewable energy systems. In this study, we describe an economic approach to modeling a national electricity system based entirely on renewable sources, using the island-nation of Mauritius as a case study.Many renewable electricity studies consider levelized costs of electricity (LCOE), which represents average cost of electricity, but cost minimization requires equalizing marginal costs. With variable sources, marginal costs change over time. Minimizing cost thus requires a model incorporating variability at high time resolution (daily or hourly), with the objective of minimizing the levelized cost of electricity for an entire electricity system (LCOEs).In Mauritius, the minimum-cost renewable electricity portfolio includes roughly equal proportions of solar, wind, and biomass electricity, along with electricity storage. Policy issues include setting renewable energy targets, selecting policy instruments to incentivize optimum renewable energy portfolios, incorporating energy efficiency, determining appropriate discount rates, ensuring land availability, and accounting for non-cost considerations. Many of the economic and policy issues identified apply universally, and methods demonstrated in this study could be used anywhere in the world.
机译：气候变化是世界上最突出的环境问题，而化石燃料燃烧是其主要原因。为了设定碳减排目标，政策制定者需要有关可再生能源系统可行性和成本的信息。在这项研究中，我们描述了一种以毛里求斯岛国为案例研究的经济方法来完全基于可再生资源建立国家电力系统的模型。许多可再生电力研究均考虑了平均电力成本（LCOE），这代表了平均成本电力，但要使成本最小化就需要使边际成本相等。对于可变的来源，边际成本会随着时间而变化。因此，要使成本最小化，就需要一个模型，该模型应结合高分辨度（每天或每小时）的可变性，以使整个电力系统（LCOE）的平均电费成本最小化。在毛里求斯，最低成本的可再生能源投资组合大致相等太阳能，风能和生物质能的比例以及电力存储。政策问题包括设定可再生能源目标，选择政策工具以激励最佳可再生能源组合，纳入能源效率，确定适当的折现率，确保土地可利用性以及考虑非成本因素。所确定的许多经济和政策问题普遍适用，并且本研究中证明的方法可在世界任何地方使用。

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