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Innovation for the German energy transition - Insights from an expert survey

机译：德国能源转型的创新 - 专家调查的见解

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摘要

Germany has committed itself to drastic reductions in greenhouse gas emissions through an energy transition, which combines the massive expansion of renewable energy in electricity generation with energy savings and energy efficiency improvements. Innovative low-carbon technologies will be central to a successful energy transition. In this context, we address three questions: (i) which innovative low-carbon technologies are key for the energy transition in different sectors of the economy, (ii) what are the obstacles to low-carbon innovations, and (iii) what are policy reform options to foster the German energy transition. Based on an expert survey, we find that key innovative low-carbon technologies are already available today. However, their market diffusion is hindered by insufficient pricing of CO2 externalities, lock-in effects, and counterproductive regulatory constraints. Overcoming these obstacles will require in first place a more stringent pricing of energy carriers based on their actual CO2 content.
机译：德国通过能源转型致力于通过能源转换急促减少温室气体排放，这将可再生能源的大规模扩张在发电中的能源节省和能源效率改进。创新的低碳技术将是成功的能源转型的核心。在这方面，我们解决了三个问题：（i）哪种创新的低碳技术是经济的不同部门中能源转型的关键，（ii）低碳创新的障碍是什么？（三）是什么政策改革选择，以培养德国能源转型。根据专家调查，我们发现今天已经提供了重点创新的低碳技术。然而，他们的市场扩散因CO2外部性，锁定效应和反复对策限制而受阻。克服这些障碍将在首先基于其实际的CO2含量首先更严格地定价能量载体。

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