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CO2 content of electricity losses

机译:电力损失的二氧化碳含量

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摘要

Countries are implementing policies to develop greener energy markets worldwide. In Europe, the "2030 Energy and Climate Package" asks for further reductions of green house gases, renewable sources integration, and energy efficiency targets. But the polluting intensity of electricity may be different in average than when considering market inefficiencies, in particular losses, and therefore the implemented policy must take those differences into account. Precisely, herein we study the importance in terms of CO2 emissions the extra amount of energy necessary to cover losses. With this purpose we use Spanish market and system data with hourly frequency from 2011 to 2013. Our results show that indeed electricity losses significantly explain CO2 emissions, with a higher CO2 emissions rate when covering losses than the average rate of the system. Additionally, we find that the market closing technologies used to cover losses have a positive and significant impact on CO2 emissions: when polluting technologies (coal or combined cycle) close the market, the impact of losses on CO2 emissions is high compared to the rest of technologies (combined heat and power, renewables or hydropower). To the light of these results we make some policy recommendations to reduce the impact of losses on CO2 emissions.
机译:各国正在实施政策以发展全球绿色能源市场。在欧洲,“ 2030年能源与气候计划”要求进一步减少温室气体排放,可再生能源整合以及能源效率目标。但是,平均而言,电力污染强度可能与考虑市场效率低下(尤其是损失)时有所不同,因此,实施的政策必须考虑到这些差异。准确地说,在这里,我们研究了就二氧化碳排放而言,弥补损失所必需的额外能量的重要性。为此,我们使用西班牙市场和系统数据,其时间为2011年至2013年的小时频率。我们的结果表明,用电损耗确实可以很好地解释CO2排放,当涵盖损失时,CO2排放率要高于系统的平均率。此外,我们发现用于弥补损失的市场关闭技术对CO2排放有积极而重大的影响:当污染技术(煤炭或联合循环)关闭市场时,损失对CO2排放的影响要比其他方法高。技术(热电联产,可再生能源或水力发电)。根据这些结果,我们提出了一些政策建议,以减少损失对CO2排放的影响。

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