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Input-output and structural decomposition analysis of Singapore's carbon emissions

机译：新加坡碳排放的投入产出和结构分解分析

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摘要

Singapore is an island city-state. It lacks conventional energy resources and is alternative energy disadvantaged. In the past decade (2000-2010), its energy-related carbon emissions increased from 37.8 to 44.4 million tonnes of CO2. This paper analyses the city state's carbon emissions from the demand perspective using the input-output (I-O) method and investigate the drivers of emission changes using structural decomposition analysis (SDA). It is the first comprehensive analysis of Singapore's emissions using the I-O framework. The results obtained show that exports accounted for nearly two-thirds of its total emissions and growth in its emissions in the last decade was largely export -driven. Emissions increased as export-oriented industries and export volume expanded. Fuel switching and energy efficiency, however, helped to lower growth in emissions. Besides exports, household-related emissions accounted for about a quarter of Singapore's total emissions. The emissions related to different household groups remained fairly stable as increases in embodied (indirect) emissions were offset by decreases in direct emissions. The high-income household group registered the largest increase in direct emissions, while the middle-income household group registered the largest increase in embodied emissions. The policy implications of our findings are discussed.
机译：新加坡是一个岛国。它缺乏常规能源，替代能源处于不利地位。在过去的十年（2000年至2010年）中，其与能源有关的碳排放量从37.8吨增加到4440万吨二氧化碳。本文使用投入产出（I-O）方法从需求角度分析了城市状态的碳排放，并使用结构分解分析（SDA）研究了排放变化的驱动因素。这是使用I-O框架对新加坡排放量进行的首次综合分析。获得的结果表明，出口占其总排放量的近三分之二，并且过去十年中排放量的增长很大程度上是由出口驱动的。随着出口导向型产业和出口量的增加，排放量增加。但是，燃料转换和能源效率有助于降低排放量的增长。除出口外，与家庭有关的排放量约占新加坡总排放量的四分之一。由于实际（间接）排放量的增加被直接排放量的减少所抵消，因此与不同住户群体相关的排放量保持相当稳定。高收入家庭组的直接排放量增长最大，而中等收入家庭组的直接排放量增长最大。讨论了我们研究结果的政策含义。

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