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Do no harm? Risk perceptions in national bioenergy policies and actual mitigation performance

机译：不要伤害？国家生物能源政策和实际缓解绩效中的风险认知

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This paper investigates how risks are anticipated in national bioenergy policies and in which way related expectations that harms can be prevented or mitigated have actually been met. The paper draws on the national biofuel policies of ten countries and the EU, selected to represent a diverse sample of regions, producers and consumers, and pioneers and latecomers. It proceeds in two steps: firstly, it identifies three risk categories most frequently mentioned across the investigated national policies. Secondly, it conducts a systematic review of available empirical research about biofuels' effects in these risk categories. Findings are discussed regarding the empirical conditions under which related expectations to do no harm have materialized or failed; and concerning the challenges of risks perception and management in actual policies. We observe issues of crop selection and inadequate sectoral governance of biofuels, but also challenges of large-scale modes of intensive production. Effective risk mitigation was often the result of risk adverse choices by contract farmers engaged in biofuels production. National policy documents have insufficiently conceptualized 'do no harm' concepts and strategies in place to address these performance issues; while remaining silent on the particular risk governance and accountability framework that keeps track of actual developments, commitments and responsibilities.
机译：本文研究了如何在国家生物能源政策中预见风险，以及以何种方式实际实现了可以预防或减轻危害的相关期望。本文借鉴了十个国家和欧盟的国家生物燃料政策，被选为代表地区，生产者和消费者以及先驱者和后来者的多样化样本。它分两个步骤进行：首先，它确定了所调查的国家政策中最常提及的三个风险类别。其次，它对有关生物燃料在这些风险类别中的影响的现有经验研究进行了系统评价。讨论了有关经验条件的发现，在这种条件下，不伤害相关的期望已经实现或失败；以及有关实际政策中风险感知和管理方面的挑战。我们观察到农作物选择和生物燃料部门治理不足的问题，但也观察到大规模集约化生产模式的挑战。有效减轻风险通常是从事生物燃料生产的合同农选择不利风险的结果。国家政策文件没有充分概念化“无害”概念和策略来解决这些绩效问题；同时保持对特定风险治理和问责框架的沉默，该框架跟踪实际的发展，承诺和责任。

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